Drilling Engineering

3.

Rock Mechanics in Drilling

3.1.

Mechanical Properties of Rocks

3.1.1.

Compressive Strength

3.1.1.1.

Unconfined Compressive Strength

3.1.1.2.

Confined Compressive Strength

3.1.1.3.

Laboratory Testing Methods

3.1.2.

Tensile Strength

3.1.2.1.

Direct Tensile Tests

3.1.2.2.

3.1.2.3.

Indirect Measurement Methods

3.1.3.

3.1.3.1.

Young's Modulus

3.1.3.2.

Poisson's Ratio

3.1.3.3.

3.1.3.4.

3.1.4.

3.1.4.1.

3.1.4.2.

Plastic Deformation

3.1.4.3.

Strain Hardening

3.2.

3.2.1.

Principal Stress Directions

3.2.1.1.

Maximum Horizontal Stress

3.2.1.2.

Minimum Horizontal Stress

3.2.1.3.

Vertical Stress

3.2.2.

Stress Magnitude Determination

3.2.2.1.

Direct Measurement Methods

3.2.2.2.

Indirect Estimation Methods

3.2.3.

3.2.3.1.

Normal Faulting

3.2.3.2.

Strike-Slip Faulting

3.2.3.3.

Reverse Faulting

3.3.

Rock Failure Mechanisms

3.3.1.

3.3.1.1.

Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion

3.3.1.2.

Drucker-Prager Criterion

3.3.2.

Tensile Failure

3.3.2.1.

Hydraulic Fracturing

3.3.2.2.

Thermal Fracturing

3.3.3.

Fracturing and Breakouts

3.3.3.1.

Borehole Breakout Formation

3.3.3.2.

Drilling-Induced Fractures

3.4.

Wellbore Stability Analysis

3.4.1.

Mechanical Instability

3.4.1.1.

Collapse Pressure

3.4.1.2.

Breakout Width Prediction

3.4.1.3.

Safe Mud Weight Window

3.4.2.

Chemical Instability

3.4.2.1.

Shale Hydration

3.4.2.2.

3.4.2.3.

Ion Exchange Effects

3.4.3.

Time-Dependent Effects

3.4.3.1.

Creep Deformation

3.4.3.2.

Stress Relaxation

3.5.

Rock-Bit Interaction

3.5.1.

Bit Selection Based on Rock Type

3.5.2.

Drilling Efficiency Factors

3.5.3.

Bit Wear Mechanisms

3.5.4.

Rate of Penetration Models

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4. Drilling Rigs and Equipment