Deepfakes and Fake News Detection

  1. Datasets, Evaluation, and Benchmarking
    1. Fake News Detection Datasets
      1. Text-Based Datasets
        1. LIAR Dataset
          1. Structure and Annotation Scheme
            1. Fact-Checking Labels
              1. Metadata and Context
                1. Evaluation Protocols
                2. FakeNewsNet
                  1. Social Media Integration
                    1. Multi-Modal Content
                      1. Temporal Information
                        1. Network Structure Data
                        2. FEVER Dataset
                          1. Claim-Evidence Pairs
                            1. Wikipedia-Based Verification
                              1. Benchmark Tasks and Metrics
                                1. Shared Task Competitions
                                2. COVID-19 Misinformation Datasets
                                  1. Pandemic-Specific Content
                                    1. Health Misinformation Patterns
                                      1. Multilingual Coverage
                                        1. Real-Time Collection
                                      2. Social Media Datasets
                                        1. Twitter Misinformation Collections
                                          1. Facebook Fact-Checking Data
                                            1. Reddit Discussion Analysis
                                              1. Cross-Platform Propagation Studies
                                            2. Deepfake Detection Datasets
                                              1. Video Deepfake Datasets
                                                1. FaceForensics++
                                                  1. Real vs. Synthetic Video Pairs
                                                    1. Multiple Manipulation Methods
                                                      1. Quality Levels and Compression
                                                        1. Evaluation Benchmarks
                                                        2. Deepfake Detection Challenge Dataset
                                                          1. Large-Scale Collection
                                                            1. Diverse Demographics
                                                              1. Professional Production Quality
                                                                1. Competition Framework
                                                                2. Celeb-DF Dataset
                                                                  1. Celebrity-Based Content
                                                                    1. High-Quality Synthesis
                                                                      1. Challenging Detection Scenarios
                                                                        1. Temporal Consistency Focus
                                                                        2. DeeperForensics Dataset
                                                                          1. Controlled Generation Process
                                                                            1. Quality Assessment
                                                                              1. Robustness Evaluation
                                                                                1. Benchmark Protocols
                                                                              2. Audio Deepfake Datasets
                                                                                1. ASVspoof Datasets
                                                                                  1. Spoofing Attack Scenarios
                                                                                    1. Synthesis and Conversion
                                                                                      1. Evaluation Protocols
                                                                                        1. Annual Challenges
                                                                                        2. Voice Conversion Datasets
                                                                                          1. Speaker Identity Transfer
                                                                                            1. Emotional Conversion
                                                                                              1. Cross-Lingual Synthesis
                                                                                                1. Quality Assessment
                                                                                              2. Image Manipulation Datasets
                                                                                                1. CASIA and Columbia Datasets
                                                                                                  1. NIST Media Forensics Challenges
                                                                                                    1. Synthetic Face Generation Collections
                                                                                                      1. Style Transfer and GANs Datasets
                                                                                                    2. Evaluation Metrics and Methodologies
                                                                                                      1. Classification Performance Metrics
                                                                                                        1. Accuracy and Error Rates
                                                                                                          1. Overall Accuracy
                                                                                                            1. Class-Specific Accuracy
                                                                                                              1. Balanced Accuracy
                                                                                                                1. Top-k Accuracy
                                                                                                                2. Precision and Recall
                                                                                                                  1. Positive Predictive Value
                                                                                                                    1. Sensitivity Analysis
                                                                                                                      1. Class-Specific Metrics
                                                                                                                        1. Macro and Micro Averaging
                                                                                                                        2. F1-Score and Variants
                                                                                                                          1. Harmonic Mean Calculation
                                                                                                                            1. Weighted F1-Score
                                                                                                                              1. Class-Balanced F1
                                                                                                                                1. Multi-Class Extensions
                                                                                                                              2. Threshold-Based Metrics
                                                                                                                                1. Area Under the Curve
                                                                                                                                  1. ROC Curve Analysis
                                                                                                                                    1. Precision-Recall Curves
                                                                                                                                      1. Multi-Class ROC
                                                                                                                                        1. Curve Interpretation
                                                                                                                                        2. Equal Error Rate
                                                                                                                                          1. False Positive vs. False Negative Trade-off
                                                                                                                                            1. Operating Point Selection
                                                                                                                                              1. Threshold Optimization
                                                                                                                                                1. Cross-Validation Considerations
                                                                                                                                              2. Specialized Evaluation Approaches
                                                                                                                                                1. Robustness Testing
                                                                                                                                                  1. Adversarial Evaluation
                                                                                                                                                    1. Transformation Robustness
                                                                                                                                                      1. Cross-Dataset Generalization
                                                                                                                                                        1. Stress Testing Protocols
                                                                                                                                                        2. Temporal Evaluation
                                                                                                                                                          1. Video-Level Metrics
                                                                                                                                                            1. Frame-Level Analysis
                                                                                                                                                              1. Temporal Consistency Scoring
                                                                                                                                                                1. Dynamic Threshold Adaptation
                                                                                                                                                                2. Human Evaluation Studies
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Perceptual Quality Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Detection Difficulty Rating
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Comparative Studies
                                                                                                                                                                        1. User Study Design
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Benchmarking and Competition Frameworks
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Standardized Evaluation Protocols
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Train-Validation-Test Splits
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Cross-Validation Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Stratified Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Temporal Split Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Competition Platforms and Challenges
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Academic Competitions
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Industry Challenges
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Open Source Benchmarks
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Leaderboard Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Reproducibility and Fair Comparison
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Code and Model Sharing
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Standardized Implementations
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Hardware and Software Specifications
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Statistical Significance Testing

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                                                                                                                                                                                          7. The Adversarial Arms Race

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                                                                                                                                                                                          9. Societal, Ethical, and Legal Dimensions