Database Design and Modeling

  1. Normalization Theory and Practice
    1. Normalization Fundamentals
      1. Purpose and Benefits
        1. Reducing Data Redundancy
          1. Preventing Update Anomalies
            1. Improving Data Integrity
              1. Storage Efficiency
              2. Update Anomalies
                1. Insertion Anomalies
                  1. Deletion Anomalies
                    1. Modification Anomalies
                    2. Trade-offs of Normalization
                      1. Benefits vs Performance
                        1. Query Complexity
                          1. Join Operations
                        2. Functional Dependencies
                          1. Definition and Notation
                            1. Determinant and Dependent
                              1. Functional Dependency Rules
                              2. Identifying Functional Dependencies
                                1. From Business Rules
                                  1. From Data Analysis
                                    1. From Domain Knowledge
                                    2. Types of Dependencies
                                      1. Trivial Dependencies
                                        1. Non-Trivial Dependencies
                                          1. Full Functional Dependencies
                                            1. Partial Functional Dependencies
                                              1. Transitive Dependencies
                                              2. Armstrong's Axioms
                                                1. Reflexivity Rule
                                                  1. Augmentation Rule
                                                    1. Transitivity Rule
                                                      1. Union Rule
                                                        1. Decomposition Rule
                                                          1. Pseudotransitivity Rule
                                                          2. Closure of Attributes
                                                            1. Computing Attribute Closure
                                                              1. Finding Candidate Keys
                                                                1. Dependency Implications
                                                              2. Normal Forms
                                                                1. First Normal Form
                                                                  1. Atomic Values Requirement
                                                                    1. Eliminating Repeating Groups
                                                                      1. Single-Valued Attributes
                                                                        1. Identifying 1NF Violations
                                                                        2. Second Normal Form
                                                                          1. 1NF Prerequisites
                                                                            1. Eliminating Partial Dependencies
                                                                              1. Full Functional Dependency
                                                                                1. Decomposition Process
                                                                                2. Third Normal Form
                                                                                  1. 2NF Prerequisites
                                                                                    1. Eliminating Transitive Dependencies
                                                                                      1. Direct Dependencies Only
                                                                                        1. 3NF Decomposition
                                                                                        2. Boyce-Codd Normal Form
                                                                                          1. Stricter 3NF Version
                                                                                            1. Every Determinant is Candidate Key
                                                                                              1. BCNF vs 3NF Differences
                                                                                                1. Dependency Preservation Issues
                                                                                                2. Higher Normal Forms
                                                                                                  1. Fourth Normal Form
                                                                                                    1. Multi-Valued Dependencies
                                                                                                      1. Independent Attributes
                                                                                                        1. 4NF Decomposition
                                                                                                        2. Fifth Normal Form
                                                                                                          1. Join Dependencies
                                                                                                            1. Lossless Join Decomposition
                                                                                                              1. Project-Join Normal Form
                                                                                                              2. Domain-Key Normal Form
                                                                                                                1. Ultimate Normal Form
                                                                                                                  1. Theoretical Significance
                                                                                                              3. Normalization Process
                                                                                                                1. Step-by-Step Methodology
                                                                                                                  1. Identify Functional Dependencies
                                                                                                                    1. Determine Candidate Keys
                                                                                                                      1. Check Normal Form Compliance
                                                                                                                        1. Decompose Relations
                                                                                                                          1. Verify Decomposition Properties
                                                                                                                          2. Decomposition Properties
                                                                                                                            1. Lossless Join Property
                                                                                                                              1. Dependency Preservation
                                                                                                                                1. Minimal Cover
                                                                                                                                2. Normalization Tools and Techniques
                                                                                                                                  1. Dependency Diagrams
                                                                                                                                    1. Normalization Algorithms
                                                                                                                                      1. Automated Tools
                                                                                                                                    2. Denormalization Considerations
                                                                                                                                      1. When to Denormalize
                                                                                                                                        1. Performance Requirements
                                                                                                                                          1. Query Patterns
                                                                                                                                            1. Read vs Write Ratios
                                                                                                                                            2. Denormalization Techniques
                                                                                                                                              1. Controlled Redundancy
                                                                                                                                                1. Pre-Computed Values
                                                                                                                                                  1. Flattened Structures
                                                                                                                                                  2. Managing Denormalized Data
                                                                                                                                                    1. Consistency Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                      1. Update Procedures
                                                                                                                                                        1. Data Synchronization

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                                                                                                                                                    4. Logical Database Design

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                                                                                                                                                    6. Physical Database Design