Database Design and Modeling

  1. Conceptual Data Modeling
    1. Introduction to Conceptual Models
      1. Purpose of Conceptual Modeling
        1. Abstraction Levels in Data Modeling
          1. Benefits of Conceptual Models
            1. Independence from Implementation Details
            2. Entity-Relationship Model Fundamentals
              1. Historical Context and Development
                1. ER Model Components Overview
                  1. Advantages and Limitations
                  2. Entities and Entity Sets
                    1. Defining Entities
                      1. Entity Sets and Entity Types
                        1. Identifying Entities from Requirements
                          1. Strong Entities
                            1. Characteristics
                              1. Independent Existence
                                1. Primary Key Requirements
                                2. Weak Entities
                                  1. Characteristics
                                    1. Existence Dependency
                                      1. Identifying Owner Entities
                                        1. Partial Keys
                                      2. Attributes
                                        1. Attribute Types and Classifications
                                          1. Simple Attributes
                                            1. Definition and Examples
                                              1. Atomic Values
                                              2. Composite Attributes
                                                1. Structure and Components
                                                  1. Use Cases and Examples
                                                    1. Representation in Models
                                                    2. Single-Valued Attributes
                                                      1. Definition and Characteristics
                                                      2. Multi-Valued Attributes
                                                        1. Definition and Examples
                                                          1. Representation Challenges
                                                            1. Normalization Implications
                                                            2. Stored Attributes
                                                              1. Direct Data Storage
                                                              2. Derived Attributes
                                                                1. Calculated Fields
                                                                  1. Age from Birth Date
                                                                    1. Performance Considerations
                                                                    2. Key Attributes
                                                                      1. Candidate Keys
                                                                        1. Primary Keys
                                                                          1. Alternate Keys
                                                                            1. Composite Keys
                                                                            2. Null Values
                                                                              1. Meaning and Implications
                                                                                1. Handling Unknown Data
                                                                              2. Relationships and Relationship Sets
                                                                                1. Relationship Fundamentals
                                                                                  1. Identifying Relationships between Entities
                                                                                    1. Relationship Sets and Types
                                                                                      1. Relationship Instances
                                                                                      2. Relationship Degree
                                                                                        1. Unary Relationships
                                                                                          1. Recursive Relationships
                                                                                            1. Self-Referencing Examples
                                                                                            2. Binary Relationships
                                                                                              1. Most Common Type
                                                                                                1. Two Entity Types
                                                                                                2. Ternary Relationships
                                                                                                  1. Three Entity Types
                                                                                                    1. Complex Business Rules
                                                                                                    2. Higher-Degree Relationships
                                                                                                      1. N-ary Relationships
                                                                                                        1. Complexity Considerations
                                                                                                      2. Relationship Attributes
                                                                                                        1. Descriptive Attributes
                                                                                                          1. When to Use
                                                                                                            1. Examples and Applications
                                                                                                            2. Role Names in Relationships
                                                                                                              1. Clarifying Entity Roles
                                                                                                                1. Recursive Relationship Roles
                                                                                                                  1. Multiple Relationships Between Same Entities
                                                                                                                2. Constraints in ER Models
                                                                                                                  1. Cardinality Constraints
                                                                                                                    1. One-to-One Relationships
                                                                                                                      1. Definition and Examples
                                                                                                                        1. Implementation Considerations
                                                                                                                        2. One-to-Many Relationships
                                                                                                                          1. Definition and Examples
                                                                                                                            1. Most Common Type
                                                                                                                            2. Many-to-Many Relationships
                                                                                                                              1. Definition and Examples
                                                                                                                                1. Resolution Requirements
                                                                                                                              2. Participation Constraints
                                                                                                                                1. Total Participation
                                                                                                                                  1. Mandatory Participation
                                                                                                                                    1. Every Entity Must Participate
                                                                                                                                    2. Partial Participation
                                                                                                                                      1. Optional Participation
                                                                                                                                        1. Some Entities May Not Participate
                                                                                                                                      2. Existence Dependencies
                                                                                                                                        1. Weak Entity Dependencies
                                                                                                                                          1. Cascading Operations
                                                                                                                                          2. Domain Constraints
                                                                                                                                            1. Attribute Value Restrictions
                                                                                                                                              1. Data Type Limitations
                                                                                                                                            2. Entity-Relationship Diagramming
                                                                                                                                              1. ERD Notation Systems
                                                                                                                                                1. Chen Notation
                                                                                                                                                  1. Original ER Notation
                                                                                                                                                    1. Symbols and Conventions
                                                                                                                                                    2. Crow's Foot Notation
                                                                                                                                                      1. Information Engineering Style
                                                                                                                                                        1. Cardinality Representation
                                                                                                                                                        2. UML Class Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                          1. Object-Oriented Approach
                                                                                                                                                            1. Unified Modeling Language
                                                                                                                                                            2. IDEF1X Notation
                                                                                                                                                              1. Integration Definition
                                                                                                                                                                1. Government Standard
                                                                                                                                                              2. Creating Effective ERDs
                                                                                                                                                                1. Diagramming Conventions
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Layout and Organization
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Clarity and Readability
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Consistent Symbol Usage
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Reading and Interpreting ERDs
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Symbol Recognition
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Relationship Interpretation
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Constraint Understanding
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Common ERD Mistakes
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Incorrect Cardinality
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Missing Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Inappropriate Entities
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Attribute Misplacement
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. EER Model Extensions
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Subclasses and Superclasses
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Specialization and Generalization
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Categories and Union Types
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Specialization
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Top-Down Approach
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Defining Subclasses
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Attribute Inheritance
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Specialization Constraints
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Generalization
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bottom-Up Approach
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Creating Superclasses
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Common Attributes
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Inheritance Hierarchies
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Single Inheritance
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Multiple Inheritance
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Inheritance Depth
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Specialization Constraints
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Disjoint vs Overlapping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Mutually Exclusive Subclasses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Overlapping Subclasses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Total vs Partial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Complete Coverage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Incomplete Coverage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Subtype Discriminators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Determining Subclass Membership
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Discriminator Attributes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Multiple Discriminators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Categories and Union Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Modeling Union Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Selective Inheritance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Aggregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Modeling Complex Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Treating Relationships as Entities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Higher-Level Abstractions

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4. Logical Database Design