Data Privacy

As a critical area of both computer science and data science, data privacy concerns the principles and practices for safeguarding sensitive personal information. It establishes the rules for how data is collected, used, stored, and shared, ensuring compliance with legal regulations and ethical standards. Computer science contributes the technical mechanisms for enforcement, such as encryption, anonymization, and secure architectures, while in the context of data science, it provides the essential framework for responsibly handling datasets to derive insights without compromising an individual's right to privacy.

1. Introduction to Data Privacy
   1. Defining Data Privacy
      1. Definition and Scope
         1. Core Definition of Data Privacy
         2. Relationship to Information Privacy
         3. Scope of Personal Data
         4. Digital vs. Physical Privacy
      2. Distinction from Data Security
         1. Security as Technical Protection
         2. Privacy as Rights and Control
         3. Overlapping Areas
         4. Complementary Approaches
      3. The Right to Privacy
         1. Legal Foundations
            1. Constitutional Privacy Rights
            2. International Human Rights Law
            3. Statutory Privacy Rights
         2. Ethical Considerations
            1. Philosophical Foundations
            2. Moral Arguments for Privacy
            3. Cultural Perspectives on Privacy
   2. Core Concepts
      1. Personally Identifiable Information (PII)
         1. Types of PII
            1. Direct Identifiers
            2. Indirect Identifiers
            3. Quasi-Identifiers
            4. Linked Data Identifiers
         2. Risks Associated with PII
            1. Identity Theft
            2. Profiling and Discrimination
            3. Unauthorized Access
            4. Data Aggregation Risks
      2. Sensitive Personal Information (SPI)
         1. Categories of SPI
            1. Health Information
            2. Financial Data
            3. Biometric Data
            4. Religious and Political Beliefs
            5. Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
            6. Criminal History
         2. Additional Protections for SPI
            1. Enhanced Consent Requirements
            2. Stricter Access Controls
            3. Special Processing Restrictions
      3. Data Subject
         1. Definition and Identification
         2. Rights and Responsibilities
            1. Fundamental Privacy Rights
            2. Obligations in Data Provision
            3. Consent Management
      4. Data Controller
         1. Definition and Determination
         2. Roles and Obligations
            1. Purpose and Means Determination
            2. Legal Basis Establishment
            3. Data Subject Rights Fulfillment
            4. Accountability Demonstration
      5. Data Processor
         1. Definition and Relationship to Controller
         2. Roles and Obligations
            1. Processing Instructions Compliance
            2. Security Measures Implementation
            3. Breach Notification
            4. Sub-processor Management
      6. Data Lifecycle Management
         1. Data Collection
            1. Collection Methods
            2. Consent Mechanisms
            3. Data Minimization Principles
            4. Source Documentation
         2. Data Storage
            1. Storage Architecture
            2. Access Controls
            3. Backup and Recovery
            4. Geographic Considerations
         3. Data Use and Processing
            1. Purpose Limitation
            2. Processing Activities
            3. Automated Decision-Making
            4. Analytics and Profiling
         4. Data Sharing and Transfer
            1. Internal Sharing
            2. Third-Party Sharing
            3. Cross-Border Transfers
            4. Data Sharing Agreements
         5. Data Retention
            1. Retention Periods
            2. Legal Requirements
            3. Business Justifications
            4. Review Processes
         6. Data Deletion and Disposal
            1. Deletion Triggers
            2. Secure Deletion Methods
            3. Verification Processes
            4. Documentation Requirements
   3. Importance of Data Privacy
      1. For Individuals
         1. Protection from Identity Theft
            1. Financial Identity Theft
            2. Medical Identity Theft
            3. Synthetic Identity Theft
         2. Safeguarding Personal Autonomy
            1. Freedom of Expression
            2. Freedom of Association
            3. Decision-Making Independence
         3. Preventing Discrimination
            1. Employment Discrimination
            2. Insurance Discrimination
            3. Social Discrimination
         4. Psychological Well-being
            1. Reduced Anxiety
            2. Sense of Control
            3. Trust in Digital Services
      2. For Businesses and Organizations
         1. Legal Compliance
            1. Regulatory Requirements
            2. Avoiding Penalties
            3. Litigation Risk Reduction
         2. Reputation Management
            1. Brand Protection
            2. Stakeholder Trust
            3. Crisis Prevention
         3. Customer Trust and Loyalty
            1. Competitive Advantage
            2. Customer Retention
            3. Market Differentiation
         4. Operational Benefits
            1. Data Quality Improvement
            2. Process Efficiency
            3. Risk Management
      3. For Society
         1. Social Trust
            1. Digital Economy Confidence
            2. Innovation Enablement
            3. Social Cohesion
         2. Democratic Values
            1. Free Speech Protection
            2. Political Participation
            3. Government Accountability
         3. Prevention of Surveillance and Abuse
            1. Authoritarian Resistance
            2. Corporate Power Limitation
            3. Minority Protection
   4. Historical Context and Evolution
      1. Early Privacy Laws and Concepts
         1. Warren and Brandeis Right to Privacy
         2. Early Data Protection Laws
         3. Fair Information Practices Development
      2. Technological Advancements and Privacy
         1. Computing and Database Growth
         2. Internet and Web Development
         3. Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing
         4. Big Data and Analytics
         5. Artificial Intelligence Impact
      3. Major Data Breaches and Their Impact
         1. Notable Historical Breaches
         2. Regulatory Responses
         3. Public Awareness Changes
         4. Industry Practice Evolution
      4. Evolution of Privacy Expectations
         1. Generational Differences
         2. Cultural Shifts
         3. Technology Adoption Patterns
         4. Privacy Paradox Phenomenon