Data Communications and Networking

2.

Network Models and Layered Architectures

2.1.

Layering Concepts

2.1.1.

Benefits of Protocol Layering

2.1.1.1.

2.1.1.2.

2.1.1.3.

Standardization

2.1.1.4.

Interoperability

2.1.2.

Layer Independence

2.1.3.

Service Primitives

2.1.4.

Encapsulation Process

2.1.4.1.

Header Addition

2.1.4.2.

2.1.5.

Decapsulation Process

2.1.5.1.

2.1.5.2.

Data Extraction

2.2.

OSI Reference Model

2.2.1.

OSI Model Overview

2.2.1.1.

Seven-Layer Architecture

2.2.1.2.

Layer Interactions

2.2.2.

Physical Layer (Layer 1)

2.2.2.1.

Physical Layer Functions

2.2.2.2.

Bit Transmission

2.2.2.3.

Physical Interfaces

2.2.2.4.

Transmission Media

2.2.3.

Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

2.2.3.1.

Data Link Layer Functions

2.2.3.2.

Frame Formation

2.2.3.3.

Error Detection

2.2.3.4.

2.2.3.5.

Media Access Control

2.2.3.6.

Logical Link Control

2.2.4.

Network Layer (Layer 3)

2.2.4.1.

Network Layer Functions

2.2.4.2.

Logical Addressing

2.2.4.3.

2.2.4.4.

Path Determination

2.2.5.

Transport Layer (Layer 4)

2.2.5.1.

Transport Layer Functions

2.2.5.2.

End-to-End Communication

2.2.5.3.

2.2.5.4.

2.2.5.5.

2.2.6.

Session Layer (Layer 5)

2.2.6.1.

Session Layer Functions

2.2.6.2.

Session Management

2.2.6.3.

2.2.6.4.

Synchronization

2.2.7.

Presentation Layer (Layer 6)

2.2.7.1.

Presentation Layer Functions

2.2.7.2.

Data Translation

2.2.7.3.

2.2.7.4.

2.2.8.

Application Layer (Layer 7)

2.2.8.1.

Application Layer Functions

2.2.8.2.

Network Services

2.2.8.3.

2.3.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

2.3.1.

TCP/IP Model Overview

2.3.1.1.

Four-Layer Architecture

2.3.1.2.

Internet Protocol Suite

2.3.2.

Network Access Layer

2.3.2.1.

Network Access Functions

2.3.2.2.

Physical and Data Link Services

2.3.3.

2.3.3.1.

Internet Layer Functions

2.3.3.2.

2.3.3.3.

Routing Functions

2.3.4.

Transport Layer

2.3.4.1.

Transport Layer Functions

2.3.4.2.

2.3.4.3.

2.3.5.

Application Layer

2.3.5.1.

Application Layer Functions

2.3.5.2.

Application Protocols

2.4.

OSI vs TCP/IP Model Comparison

2.4.1.

Architectural Similarities

2.4.2.

Architectural Differences

2.4.3.

2.4.4.

Practical Applications

Previous

1. Introduction to Data Communications and Networking

Go to top

Next

3. Physical Layer (Layer 1)