Condensed Matter Physics
Condensed Matter Physics is the branch of physics that studies the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially in its "condensed" phases where a vast number of constituent particles, such as atoms and electrons, are packed closely together and interact strongly. This field is primarily concerned with the emergent phenomena that arise from these collective interactions, leading to complex behaviors like superconductivity, magnetism, and the distinct properties of solids and liquids, which cannot be predicted from studying the particles in isolation. By applying principles from quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics provides the fundamental understanding necessary for the discovery and design of novel materials with technological applications.