Condensed Matter Physics

11.

Advanced Topics in Condensed Matter Physics

11.1.

Mesoscopic Physics

11.1.1.

11.1.1.1.

Quantum Size Effects

11.1.1.2.

Classical Size Effects

11.1.2.

11.1.2.1.

Confinement in One Dimension

11.1.2.2.

11.1.2.3.

Density of States Modification

11.1.3.

11.1.3.1.

One-Dimensional Confinement

11.1.3.2.

Ballistic Transport

11.1.4.

11.1.4.1.

Zero-Dimensional Confinement

11.1.4.2.

Discrete Energy Levels

11.1.4.3.

Coulomb Blockade

11.1.5.

Quantum Hall Effect

11.1.5.1.

Integer Quantum Hall Effect

11.1.5.1.1.

11.1.5.1.2.

Hall Conductivity Quantization

11.1.5.2.

Fractional Quantum Hall Effect

11.1.5.2.1.

Laughlin Wave Function

11.1.5.2.2.

Composite Fermions

11.1.6.

Coherence and Interference

11.1.6.1.

Phase Coherence Length

11.1.6.2.

Aharonov-Bohm Effect

11.1.6.3.

Universal Conductance Fluctuations

11.1.7.

Conductance Quantization

11.1.7.1.

Ballistic Point Contacts

11.1.7.2.

Quantum of Conductance

11.2.

Strongly Correlated Systems

11.2.1.

Correlation Effects

11.2.1.1.

Beyond Band Theory

11.2.1.2.

Electron-Electron Interactions

11.2.2.

Mott Insulators

11.2.2.1.

Mott Transition

11.2.2.2.

11.2.2.2.1.

On-Site Repulsion

11.2.2.2.2.

11.2.3.

Heavy Fermion Systems

11.2.3.1.

11.2.3.2.

Coherence Temperature

11.2.4.

Quantum Phase Transitions

11.2.4.1.

Zero-Temperature Transitions

11.2.4.2.

Quantum Critical Points

11.3.

Topological Phases of Matter

11.3.1.

Topological Insulators

11.3.1.1.

Bulk-Boundary Correspondence

11.3.1.2.

Topological Invariants

11.3.1.3.

11.3.1.3.1.

Helical Edge States

11.3.1.3.2.

Spin-Momentum Locking

11.3.2.

Topological Superconductors

11.3.2.1.

Majorana Fermions

11.3.2.2.

Topological Protection

11.3.3.

Weyl Semimetals

11.3.3.1.

11.3.3.2.

11.3.4.

Dirac Semimetals

11.3.4.1.

11.3.4.2.

Linear Dispersion

11.3.5.

Quantum Spin Hall Effect

11.3.5.1.

Time-Reversal Symmetry

11.3.5.2.

Z₂ Topological Invariant

11.4.

11.4.1.

11.4.1.1.

11.4.1.2.

Spin Diffusion Length

11.4.2.

Giant Magnetoresistance

11.4.2.1.

Spin-Dependent Scattering

11.4.2.2.

Multilayer Structures

11.4.3.

Tunneling Magnetoresistance

11.4.3.1.

Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

11.4.3.2.

Spin Polarization

11.4.4.

Spin Injection and Detection

11.4.4.1.

Electrical Spin Injection

11.4.4.2.

Optical Spin Detection

11.4.5.

Spin-Orbit Coupling Effects

11.4.5.1.

11.4.5.2.

Dresselhaus Effect

11.5.

Two-Dimensional Materials

11.5.1.

11.5.1.1.

Honeycomb Lattice

11.5.1.2.

11.5.1.3.

Massless Dirac Fermions

11.5.1.4.

Electronic Properties

11.5.1.4.1.

Linear Dispersion

11.5.1.4.2.

Klein Tunneling

11.5.1.5.

Transport Properties

11.5.1.5.1.

11.5.1.5.2.

Quantum Hall Effect

11.5.2.

Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

11.5.2.1.

Layered Structure

11.5.2.2.

Direct Band Gap

11.5.2.3.

11.5.3.

Heterostructures

11.5.3.1.

Van der Waals Heterostructures

11.5.3.2.

Moiré Patterns

11.5.3.3.

Twisted Bilayer Graphene

11.5.4.

11.5.4.1.

Electronic Devices

11.5.4.2.

Optoelectronic Devices

11.5.4.3.

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10. Defects and Disorder

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1. Introduction to Condensed Matter Physics