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Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Programming
1. Introduction to CNC Machining
2. Fundamentals of the CNC Machine Environment
3. The Language of CNC: Codes and Addresses
4. Structure of a CNC Program
5. Basic Motion Programming
6. Speeds and Feeds
7. Tooling and Tool Management
8. Work Coordinate Systems and Offsets
9. Drilling and Hole-Making Operations
10. Advanced Programming Techniques
11. CAD/CAM Integration and Workflow
12. Machine Setup and Program Execution
13. Troubleshooting and Problem Resolution
14. CNC Safety and Best Practices
The Language of CNC: Codes and Addresses
Program Structure and Syntax
Block Structure
Word Address Format
Character Set and Limitations
G-Code: Preparatory Functions
Purpose and Structure of G-Codes
Motion Control G-Codes
Rapid Traverse (G00)
Linear Interpolation (G01)
Circular Interpolation Clockwise (G02)
Circular Interpolation Counter-Clockwise (G03)
Plane Selection G-Codes
XY Plane (G17)
XZ Plane (G18)
YZ Plane (G19)
Units and Positioning G-Codes
Inch Programming (G20)
Metric Programming (G21)
Absolute Programming (G90)
Incremental Programming (G91)
Feed Rate Modes
Feed Per Minute (G94)
Feed Per Revolution (G95)
Spindle Control G-Codes
Constant RPM (G97)
Constant Surface Speed (G96)
Tool Compensation G-Codes
Tool Length Compensation (G43)
Tool Length Compensation Cancel (G49)
Cutter Radius Compensation Left (G41)
Cutter Radius Compensation Right (G42)
Cutter Radius Compensation Cancel (G40)
Coordinate System G-Codes
Work Coordinate Systems (G54-G59)
Extended Work Offsets (G54.1)
Modal vs Non-Modal G-Codes
Persistent Until Changed
One-Time Execution
M-Code: Miscellaneous Functions
Purpose and Structure of M-Codes
Spindle Control M-Codes
Spindle Start Clockwise (M03)
Spindle Start Counter-Clockwise (M04)
Spindle Stop (M05)
Coolant Control M-Codes
Flood Coolant On (M08)
Mist Coolant On (M07)
Coolant Off (M09)
Tool Change M-Codes
Tool Change (M06)
Tool Change with Stop (M00)
Program Control M-Codes
Program Stop (M00)
Optional Stop (M01)
Program End (M02)
Program End and Rewind (M30)
Subprogram M-Codes
Subprogram Call (M98)
Subprogram Return (M99)
Address Characters and Parameters
Sequence Numbers (N)
Coordinate Addresses (X, Y, Z)
Rotational Addresses (A, B, C)
Feed Rate (F)
Spindle Speed (S)
Tool Number (T)
Arc Parameters (I, J, K, R)
Dwell and Parameter (P)
Tool Offsets (H, D)
Repetition Count (L)
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2. Fundamentals of the CNC Machine Environment
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4. Structure of a CNC Program