Circuit Analysis and Design

Circuit Analysis and Design is a foundational discipline in electrical engineering focused on understanding and creating electrical circuits. The "analysis" component involves applying systematic methods and foundational laws, such as Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws, to determine the behavior of an existing circuit by calculating its voltages, currents, and power. The "design" component is the creative synthesis of new circuits, where components are selected and configured to achieve a specific function or meet performance specifications. This dual skill set is essential for developing everything from simple electronic gadgets to complex power grids and communication systems.

1. Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
   1. Basic Electrical Quantities
      1. Electric Charge
         1. Definition and Properties
         2. Units of Charge
         3. Conservation of Charge
         4. Quantization of Charge
      2. Electric Current
         1. Definition and Direction
         2. Units of Current
         3. Conventional vs. Electron Flow
         4. Current Density
         5. Direct Current vs. Alternating Current
      3. Voltage and Potential Difference
         1. Definition and Measurement
         2. Units of Voltage
         3. Reference Points and Ground
         4. Potential Energy and Work
      4. Electric Field and Potential
         1. Electric Field Concept
         2. Relationship Between Field and Potential
         3. Field Lines and Equipotential Surfaces
      5. Power and Energy
         1. Definition of Power
         2. Units of Power
         3. Definition of Energy
         4. Units of Energy
         5. Power-Voltage-Current Relationship
         6. Energy Conservation in Circuits
   2. Circuit Elements and Models
      1. Passive Elements
         1. Resistors
            1. Resistance and Resistivity
            2. Ohm's Law for Resistors
            3. Color Code and Identification
            4. Power Rating and Derating
            5. Temperature Coefficient
            6. Variable Resistors and Potentiometers
         2. Capacitors
            1. Capacitance and Physical Structure
            2. Dielectric Materials
            3. Types of Capacitors
            4. Voltage Rating and Breakdown
            5. Leakage and Equivalent Series Resistance
            6. Temperature and Frequency Effects
         3. Inductors
            1. Inductance and Physical Structure
            2. Magnetic Field and Flux Linkage
            3. Types of Inductors
            4. Core Materials and Effects
            5. Quality Factor and Losses
            6. Self-Inductance vs. Mutual Inductance
      2. Active Elements
         1. Independent Sources
            1. Voltage Sources
               1. Ideal Voltage Source
               2. Practical Voltage Source with Internal Resistance
               3. DC and AC Voltage Sources
            2. Current Sources
               1. Ideal Current Source
               2. Practical Current Source with Internal Resistance
               3. DC and AC Current Sources
         2. Dependent Sources
            1. Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source
            2. Voltage-Controlled Current Source
            3. Current-Controlled Voltage Source
            4. Current-Controlled Current Source
            5. Symbol Representation and Circuit Notation
            6. Linear vs. Nonlinear Dependent Sources
   3. Fundamental Laws and Principles
      1. Ohm's Law
         1. Mathematical Formulation
         2. Graphical Representation
         3. Limitations and Applicability
         4. Non-Ohmic Materials
      2. Kirchhoff's Laws
         1. Kirchhoff's Current Law
            1. Statement and Physical Basis
            2. Application at Nodes
            3. Sign Conventions
         2. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
            1. Statement and Physical Basis
            2. Application around Loops
            3. Sign Conventions
      3. Conservation Laws in Circuits
         1. Conservation of Charge
         2. Conservation of Energy
         3. Power Balance in Circuits