Chemical Process Principles

  1. Energy and Energy Balances
    1. Forms and Concepts of Energy
      1. Kinetic Energy
        1. Definition and Calculation
          1. Significance in Flow Systems
          2. Potential Energy
            1. Gravitational Potential Energy
              1. Significance in Process Systems
              2. Internal Energy
                1. Definition and Properties
                  1. Temperature Dependence
                  2. Enthalpy
                    1. Definition and Physical Meaning
                      1. Relationship to Internal Energy
                        1. Enthalpy of Formation
                        2. Units of Energy
                          1. SI Energy Units
                            1. Engineering Units
                              1. Conversion Factors
                            2. The First Law of Thermodynamics
                              1. Statement and Mathematical Form
                                1. Conservation of Energy Principle
                                  1. Sign Conventions
                                    1. Heat Transfer Sign Convention
                                      1. Work Sign Convention
                                      2. Application to Different Systems
                                        1. Closed Systems
                                          1. Open Systems
                                            1. Isolated Systems
                                          2. Energy Balances on Closed Systems
                                            1. System Definition and Boundaries
                                              1. Energy Balance Equation
                                                1. Work Interactions
                                                  1. Expansion Work
                                                    1. Shaft Work
                                                      1. Electrical Work
                                                      2. Heat Interactions
                                                        1. Heat Transfer Mechanisms
                                                          1. Heat Transfer Sign Convention
                                                        2. Energy Balances on Open Systems
                                                          1. The General Energy Balance
                                                            1. Steady-State Energy Balance
                                                              1. Transient Energy Balance
                                                              2. Flow Work and Shaft Work
                                                                1. Flow Work Definition
                                                                  1. Shaft Work in Turbines and Compressors
                                                                  2. Enthalpy in Flow Systems
                                                                    1. Enthalpy Transport
                                                                      1. Specific Enthalpy
                                                                      2. Mechanical Energy Balance
                                                                        1. Bernoulli's Equation
                                                                          1. Friction Losses
                                                                        2. Reference States and State Properties
                                                                          1. Importance of Reference States
                                                                            1. Standard Reference States
                                                                              1. Choosing Appropriate Reference States
                                                                                1. State Properties vs Path Functions
                                                                                  1. Extensive vs Intensive Properties
                                                                                    1. Property Relationships
                                                                                  2. Calculating Enthalpy Changes
                                                                                    1. Sensible Heat Changes
                                                                                      1. Heat Capacity Definitions
                                                                                        1. Constant Pressure Heat Capacity
                                                                                          1. Constant Volume Heat Capacity
                                                                                          2. Temperature Dependence of Heat Capacity
                                                                                            1. Mean Heat Capacity
                                                                                              1. Integration Methods
                                                                                              2. Pressure Effects on Enthalpy
                                                                                                1. Joule-Thomson Effect
                                                                                                  1. Enthalpy Departure Functions
                                                                                                  2. Phase Change Enthalpies
                                                                                                    1. Latent Heat of Vaporization
                                                                                                      1. Latent Heat of Fusion
                                                                                                        1. Latent Heat of Sublimation
                                                                                                          1. Temperature Dependence of Latent Heats
                                                                                                            1. Estimation Methods
                                                                                                              1. Trouton's Rule
                                                                                                                1. Clausius-Clapeyron Integration
                                                                                                            2. Thermodynamic Property Data
                                                                                                              1. Steam Tables
                                                                                                                1. Saturated Steam Properties
                                                                                                                  1. Superheated Steam Properties
                                                                                                                    1. Compressed Liquid Properties
                                                                                                                    2. Refrigerant Property Tables
                                                                                                                      1. Common Refrigerants
                                                                                                                        1. Property Interpolation
                                                                                                                        2. Psychrometric Charts
                                                                                                                          1. Enthalpy of Moist Air
                                                                                                                            1. Humidity Calculations

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                                                                                                                        5. Multiphase Systems

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                                                                                                                        7. Energy Balances on Reactive Systems