Ceramics, Polymers, Metals, and Composites

  1. Composites
    1. Introduction to Composites
      1. Definition and Classification
        1. Multi-Phase Materials
          1. Reinforcement and Matrix
            1. Property Combinations
            2. Advantages
              1. High Strength-to-Weight Ratio
                1. Tailored Properties
                  1. Design Flexibility
                  2. Limitations
                    1. Manufacturing Complexity
                      1. Cost Considerations
                        1. Recycling Challenges
                        2. Matrix Phase
                          1. Load Transfer
                            1. Environmental Protection
                              1. Matrix Types
                              2. Reinforcement Phase
                                1. Load Bearing
                                  1. Stiffness Enhancement
                                    1. Reinforcement Types
                                  2. Particle-Reinforced Composites
                                    1. Large-Particle Composites
                                      1. Concrete
                                        1. Cement Matrix
                                          1. Aggregate Reinforcement
                                          2. Cemented Carbides
                                            1. Carbide Particles
                                              1. Metal Binder
                                            2. Dispersion-Strengthened Composites
                                              1. Oxide Dispersion Strengthening
                                                1. Particle Size Effects
                                                  1. High-Temperature Stability
                                                2. Fiber-Reinforced Composites
                                                  1. Fiber Characteristics
                                                    1. Critical Fiber Length
                                                      1. Aspect Ratio
                                                        1. Fiber Orientation
                                                          1. Fiber Volume Fraction
                                                          2. Fiber Types
                                                            1. Glass Fibers
                                                              1. E-Glass
                                                                1. S-Glass
                                                                  1. Properties and Applications
                                                                  2. Carbon Fibers
                                                                    1. PAN-Based Fibers
                                                                      1. Pitch-Based Fibers
                                                                        1. Properties and Applications
                                                                        2. Aramid Fibers
                                                                          1. Kevlar
                                                                            1. Properties and Applications
                                                                            2. Natural Fibers
                                                                              1. Plant-Based Fibers
                                                                                1. Properties and Limitations
                                                                              2. Matrix Materials
                                                                                1. Polymer Matrices
                                                                                  1. Thermoset Matrices
                                                                                    1. Thermoplastic Matrices
                                                                                    2. Metal Matrices
                                                                                      1. Aluminum Matrices
                                                                                        1. Titanium Matrices
                                                                                        2. Ceramic Matrices
                                                                                          1. Oxide Matrices
                                                                                            1. Non-Oxide Matrices
                                                                                          2. Composite Systems
                                                                                            1. Polymer-Matrix Composites
                                                                                              1. Manufacturing Methods
                                                                                              2. Metal-Matrix Composites
                                                                                                1. Processing Challenges
                                                                                                2. Ceramic-Matrix Composites
                                                                                                  1. Toughening Mechanisms
                                                                                              3. Structural Composites
                                                                                                1. Laminated Composites
                                                                                                  1. Ply Orientation
                                                                                                    1. Stacking Sequence
                                                                                                      1. Symmetric Laminates
                                                                                                        1. Balanced Laminates
                                                                                                        2. Sandwich Structures
                                                                                                          1. Face Sheets
                                                                                                            1. Core Materials
                                                                                                              1. Honeycomb Cores
                                                                                                                1. Foam Cores

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                                                                                                          10. Polymers

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                                                                                                          12. Material Degradation and Failure