Botnets and Cybersecurity

  1. Botnet Communication Protocols
    1. Traditional Protocols
      1. Internet Relay Chat
        1. Channel-based Communication
          1. Private Messaging
            1. Authentication Mechanisms
              1. Encryption Methods
              2. Hypertext Transfer Protocol
                1. GET and POST Requests
                  1. User-Agent Spoofing
                    1. Traffic Mimicry
                    2. HTTPS Communication
                      1. SSL/TLS Encryption
                        1. Certificate Validation
                          1. Man-in-the-Middle Resistance
                            1. Traffic Analysis Challenges
                            2. Domain Name System
                              1. DNS Tunneling
                                1. TXT Record Abuse
                                  1. Subdomain Communication
                                    1. Query-based Commands
                                  2. Advanced Communication Techniques
                                    1. Fast-Flux Networks
                                      1. Single-Flux DNS
                                        1. Double-Flux DNS
                                          1. IP Address Rotation
                                            1. TTL Manipulation
                                            2. Domain Generation Algorithms
                                              1. Algorithmic Domain Creation
                                                1. Time-based Seeds
                                                  1. Dictionary-based Generation
                                                    1. Mathematical Functions
                                                    2. Anonymity Networks
                                                      1. Tor Hidden Services
                                                        1. I2P Networks
                                                          1. VPN Chaining
                                                            1. Proxy Networks
                                                            2. Protocol Hopping
                                                              1. Multi-protocol Support
                                                                1. Dynamic Protocol Selection
                                                                  1. Fallback Mechanisms
                                                                    1. Traffic Diversification

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                                                                3. Command and Control Architectures

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                                                                5. Malicious Botnet Activities