Biochemistry

  1. Integration and Regulation of Metabolism
    1. Metabolic Integration
      1. Organ Specialization
        1. Liver
          1. Glucose Homeostasis
            1. Lipid Metabolism
              1. Amino Acid Processing
                1. Detoxification
                2. Skeletal Muscle
                  1. Energy Sources
                    1. Glycogen Storage
                      1. Protein Synthesis
                      2. Adipose Tissue
                        1. Fat Storage
                          1. Hormone Sensitivity
                            1. Adipokine Production
                            2. Brain
                              1. Glucose Dependence
                                1. Ketone Body Utilization
                                  1. Blood-Brain Barrier
                                  2. Heart
                                    1. Fatty Acid Preference
                                      1. Metabolic Flexibility
                                      2. Kidney
                                        1. Gluconeogenesis
                                          1. Acid-Base Balance
                                        2. Metabolic States
                                          1. Fed State
                                            1. Nutrient Absorption
                                              1. Anabolic Processes
                                                1. Storage Pathways
                                                2. Fasting State
                                                  1. Glycogenolysis
                                                    1. Gluconeogenesis
                                                      1. Lipolysis
                                                      2. Starvation State
                                                        1. Ketogenesis
                                                          1. Protein Catabolism
                                                            1. Metabolic Adaptations
                                                          2. Metabolic Flexibility
                                                            1. Substrate Switching
                                                              1. Tissue-Specific Adaptations
                                                                1. Exercise Metabolism
                                                              2. Hormonal Regulation
                                                                1. Insulin
                                                                  1. Structure and Synthesis
                                                                    1. Secretion Mechanisms
                                                                      1. Insulin Receptor
                                                                        1. Signal Transduction
                                                                          1. Metabolic Effects
                                                                            1. Glucose Uptake
                                                                              1. Glycogen Synthesis
                                                                                1. Lipogenesis
                                                                                  1. Protein Synthesis
                                                                                2. Glucagon
                                                                                  1. Structure and Synthesis
                                                                                    1. Secretion Triggers
                                                                                      1. Glucagon Receptor
                                                                                        1. Signal Transduction
                                                                                          1. Metabolic Effects
                                                                                            1. Glycogenolysis
                                                                                              1. Gluconeogenesis
                                                                                                1. Lipolysis
                                                                                              2. Epinephrine
                                                                                                1. Synthesis and Release
                                                                                                  1. Adrenergic Receptors
                                                                                                    1. Signal Transduction
                                                                                                      1. Metabolic Effects
                                                                                                        1. Fight-or-Flight Response
                                                                                                          1. Glycogenolysis
                                                                                                            1. Lipolysis
                                                                                                          2. Cortisol
                                                                                                            1. Synthesis and Release
                                                                                                              1. Glucocorticoid Receptor
                                                                                                                1. Metabolic Effects
                                                                                                                  1. Gluconeogenesis
                                                                                                                    1. Protein Catabolism
                                                                                                                      1. Anti-inflammatory Effects
                                                                                                                    2. Thyroid Hormones
                                                                                                                      1. T3 and T4
                                                                                                                        1. Metabolic Rate Regulation
                                                                                                                          1. Thermogenesis
                                                                                                                        2. Signal Transduction
                                                                                                                          1. G Protein-Coupled Receptors
                                                                                                                            1. GPCR Structure
                                                                                                                              1. G Protein Types
                                                                                                                                1. Gs
                                                                                                                                  1. Gi/Go
                                                                                                                                    1. Gq/G11
                                                                                                                                    2. Second Messenger Systems
                                                                                                                                    3. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
                                                                                                                                      1. RTK Structure
                                                                                                                                        1. Ligand Binding
                                                                                                                                          1. Autophosphorylation
                                                                                                                                            1. Downstream Signaling
                                                                                                                                            2. Second Messengers
                                                                                                                                              1. Cyclic AMP
                                                                                                                                                1. Adenylyl Cyclase
                                                                                                                                                  1. Phosphodiesterase
                                                                                                                                                    1. Protein Kinase A
                                                                                                                                                    2. Calcium
                                                                                                                                                      1. Calcium Channels
                                                                                                                                                        1. Calcium Pumps
                                                                                                                                                          1. Calmodulin
                                                                                                                                                            1. Calcium-Dependent Kinases
                                                                                                                                                            2. IP3 and DAG
                                                                                                                                                              1. Phospholipase C
                                                                                                                                                                1. IP3 Receptors
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Protein Kinase C
                                                                                                                                                                2. Protein Kinase Cascades
                                                                                                                                                                  1. MAP Kinase Pathways
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Phosphorylation Cascades
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Signal Amplification
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Cross-Talk Between Pathways
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Pathway Integration
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Feedback Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Temporal Regulation

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                                                                                                                                                                        5. Genetic Information Pathways

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                                                                                                                                                                        1. Foundations of Biochemistry