Automotive Engineering

  1. Chassis Engineering
    1. Vehicle Structure
      1. Body Construction Types
        1. Body-on-Frame Construction
          1. Frame Design Principles
            1. Body Mounting Systems
              1. Advantages and Applications
              2. Unibody Construction
                1. Structural Integration
                  1. Material Distribution
                    1. Manufacturing Considerations
                    2. Space Frame Construction
                      1. Tubular Frame Design
                        1. Joint Design and Welding
                          1. Weight Optimization
                        2. Structural Design Principles
                          1. Load Paths and Distribution
                            1. Static Load Cases
                              1. Dynamic Load Cases
                                1. Fatigue Considerations
                                2. Crashworthiness Design
                                  1. Energy Absorption Zones
                                    1. Front Crumple Zones
                                      1. Rear Crumple Zones
                                        1. Side Impact Zones
                                        2. Structural Reinforcements
                                          1. A-Pillar Design
                                            1. B-Pillar Reinforcement
                                              1. Door Frame Strengthening
                                              2. Safety Cage Design
                                                1. Occupant Protection
                                                  1. Rollover Protection
                                              3. Materials and Manufacturing
                                                1. Steel Applications
                                                  1. High-Strength Steel
                                                    1. Ultra-High-Strength Steel
                                                      1. Advanced High-Strength Steel
                                                      2. Aluminum Applications
                                                        1. Extrusions
                                                          1. Stampings
                                                            1. Castings
                                                            2. Joining Technologies
                                                              1. Welding Processes
                                                                1. Adhesive Bonding
                                                                  1. Mechanical Fasteners
                                                              2. Suspension Systems
                                                                1. Suspension Geometry
                                                                  1. Wheel Alignment Parameters
                                                                    1. Camber Angle
                                                                      1. Static Camber
                                                                        1. Dynamic Camber Change
                                                                        2. Caster Angle
                                                                          1. Caster Trail
                                                                            1. Self-Centering Effect
                                                                            2. Toe Angle
                                                                              1. Toe-in and Toe-out
                                                                                1. Bump Steer
                                                                              2. Suspension Kinematics
                                                                                1. Roll Center Analysis
                                                                                  1. Instant Center Location
                                                                                    1. Camber Change Curves
                                                                                      1. Toe Change Characteristics
                                                                                    2. Front Suspension Types
                                                                                      1. MacPherson Strut
                                                                                        1. Design Advantages
                                                                                          1. Packaging Benefits
                                                                                            1. Limitations
                                                                                            2. Double Wishbone
                                                                                              1. Upper and Lower Arms
                                                                                                1. Geometry Control
                                                                                                  1. Performance Applications
                                                                                                2. Rear Suspension Types
                                                                                                  1. Torsion Beam
                                                                                                    1. Semi-Independent Design
                                                                                                      1. Cost Effectiveness
                                                                                                        1. Ride and Handling Balance
                                                                                                        2. Leaf Spring Suspension
                                                                                                          1. Traditional Applications
                                                                                                            1. Modern Implementations
                                                                                                              1. Load Carrying Capability
                                                                                                            2. Suspension Components
                                                                                                              1. Springs
                                                                                                                1. Coil Springs
                                                                                                                  1. Spring Rate Calculation
                                                                                                                    1. Progressive Rate Springs
                                                                                                                      1. Material Selection
                                                                                                                      2. Leaf Springs
                                                                                                                        1. Multi-Leaf Design
                                                                                                                          1. Parabolic Springs
                                                                                                                            1. Composite Leaf Springs
                                                                                                                            2. Air Springs
                                                                                                                              1. Pneumatic Operation
                                                                                                                                1. Load Leveling
                                                                                                                                  1. Ride Quality Benefits
                                                                                                                                  2. Torsion Bars
                                                                                                                                    1. Design Principles
                                                                                                                                      1. Adjustment Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                    2. Dampers
                                                                                                                                      1. Twin-Tube Dampers
                                                                                                                                        1. Construction Details
                                                                                                                                          1. Valving Systems
                                                                                                                                            1. Gas Charging
                                                                                                                                            2. Mono-Tube Dampers
                                                                                                                                              1. High-Pressure Design
                                                                                                                                                1. Heat Dissipation
                                                                                                                                                  1. Performance Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                  2. Adjustable Dampers
                                                                                                                                                    1. Manual Adjustment
                                                                                                                                                      1. Electronic Control
                                                                                                                                                    2. Anti-roll Bars
                                                                                                                                                      1. Torsional Stiffness
                                                                                                                                                        1. Bushing Systems
                                                                                                                                                      2. Active Suspension Systems
                                                                                                                                                        1. Electronically Controlled Dampers
                                                                                                                                                          1. Magnetorheological Dampers
                                                                                                                                                            1. Electronically Controlled Valves
                                                                                                                                                            2. Active Anti-roll Systems
                                                                                                                                                              1. Hydraulic Actuators
                                                                                                                                                                1. Electric Motor Systems
                                                                                                                                                                2. Self-Leveling Systems
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Air Suspension Control
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Height Sensors
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Compressor Systems
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Steering Systems
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Steering Geometry
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ackermann Steering
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Toe-out on Turns
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Steering Arm Angles
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Kingpin Inclination
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Scrub Radius
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Steering Effort Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Caster Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Straight-Line Stability
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Steering Feel
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Steering Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Rack and Pinion
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Gear Ratio Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Rack Design
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Pinion Design
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Recirculating Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Worm Gear Design
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Ball Circulation
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Sector Gear
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Worm and Sector
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Traditional Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Steering Box Construction
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Power Steering Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Hydraulic Power Steering
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Pump Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Control Valve Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Fluid Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Electric Pump Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Variable Assist Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Electric Power Steering
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Motor Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Torque Sensor Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Control Algorithms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Advanced Steering Technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Variable Ratio Steering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Mechanical Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Electronic Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Steer-by-Wire Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Actuator Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Feedback Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Safety Redundancy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Braking Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Brake System Fundamentals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Friction Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Coefficient of Friction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Heat Generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Fade Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Hydraulic Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Pascal's Law Application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Brake Fluid Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. System Pressure Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Brake System Components
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Master Cylinder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Single Circuit Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Dual Circuit Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Brake Booster Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Brake Lines and Hoses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Steel Brake Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Flexible Brake Hoses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Brake Fluid Specifications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Brake Calipers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Fixed Caliper Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Floating Caliper Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Multi-Piston Calipers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Wheel Cylinders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Single Piston Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Dual Piston Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sealing Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Disc Brake Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Brake Disc Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Solid Discs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Vented Discs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Drilled and Slotted Discs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Brake Pad Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Friction Material Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Backing Plate Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Wear Indicators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Caliper Mounting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Fixed Mount Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sliding Mount Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Drum Brake Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Brake Drum Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cast Iron Construction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Heat Dissipation Features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Brake Shoe Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Primary and Secondary Shoes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Friction Material Application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Actuation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Wheel Cylinder Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Self-Energizing Action
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Advanced Braking Technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Wheel Speed Sensors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Hydraulic Control Unit
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Control Logic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Load-Sensitive Braking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Dynamic Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Brake Assist Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Emergency Brake Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Boost Amplification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Electronic Parking Brake
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Motor-Driven Calipers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cable-Actuated Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Hill Hold Function

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Powertrain Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Go to top

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5. Vehicle Dynamics