Automotive Engineering

  1. Powertrain Engineering
    1. Internal Combustion Engines
      1. Operating Principles
        1. Four-Stroke Cycle
          1. Intake Stroke
            1. Valve Timing
              1. Air-Fuel Mixture Formation
              2. Compression Stroke
                1. Compression Ratio Effects
                  1. Temperature and Pressure Rise
                  2. Power Stroke
                    1. Combustion Process
                      1. Pressure Development
                      2. Exhaust Stroke
                        1. Exhaust Gas Evacuation
                          1. Residual Gas Effects
                        2. Two-Stroke Cycle
                          1. Port Timing
                            1. Scavenging Process
                              1. Loop Scavenging
                                1. Cross Scavenging
                                  1. Uniflow Scavenging
                                2. Combustion Types
                                  1. Spark Ignition
                                    1. Flame Propagation
                                      1. Knock and Pre-ignition
                                      2. Compression Ignition
                                        1. Auto-ignition Process
                                          1. Diesel Combustion Phases
                                      3. Engine Architecture and Configuration
                                        1. Cylinder Arrangements
                                          1. Inline Engines
                                            1. Advantages and Disadvantages
                                              1. Balancing Considerations
                                              2. V-type Engines
                                                1. V-angle Selection
                                                  1. Firing Order
                                                  2. Boxer Engines
                                                    1. Horizontal Opposition
                                                      1. Center of Gravity Benefits
                                                      2. W-type Engines
                                                        1. Compact Design
                                                          1. Manufacturing Complexity
                                                        2. Engine Sizing Parameters
                                                          1. Displacement Calculation
                                                            1. Bore and Stroke Relationships
                                                              1. Compression Ratio
                                                            2. Engine Block and Cylinder Head
                                                              1. Cylinder Block Design
                                                                1. Material Selection
                                                                  1. Cooling Jacket Design
                                                                    1. Bearing Support Structure
                                                                    2. Cylinder Head Design
                                                                      1. Valve Seat Design
                                                                        1. Port Design and Flow
                                                                          1. Combustion Chamber Shape
                                                                          2. Gasket and Sealing Systems
                                                                            1. Head Gasket Design
                                                                              1. Sealing Materials
                                                                            2. Rotating and Reciprocating Components
                                                                              1. Crankshaft Design
                                                                                1. Material Selection
                                                                                  1. Balancing and Counterweights
                                                                                    1. Journal Design
                                                                                    2. Connecting Rods
                                                                                      1. Design Considerations
                                                                                        1. Material Selection
                                                                                          1. Manufacturing Processes
                                                                                          2. Pistons and Rings
                                                                                            1. Piston Design
                                                                                              1. Crown Shape
                                                                                                1. Skirt Design
                                                                                                  1. Pin Boss Design
                                                                                                  2. Piston Rings
                                                                                                    1. Compression Rings
                                                                                                      1. Oil Control Rings
                                                                                                        1. Ring Materials
                                                                                                    2. Valvetrain Systems
                                                                                                      1. Valve Design and Materials
                                                                                                        1. Intake Valve Design
                                                                                                          1. Exhaust Valve Design
                                                                                                            1. Valve Materials and Coatings
                                                                                                            2. Camshaft and Cam Design
                                                                                                              1. Cam Profile Design
                                                                                                                1. Camshaft Materials
                                                                                                                  1. Camshaft Drive Systems
                                                                                                                  2. Valve Actuation Systems
                                                                                                                    1. Overhead Camshaft (OHC)
                                                                                                                      1. Single Overhead Cam (SOHC)
                                                                                                                        1. Double Overhead Cam (DOHC)
                                                                                                                        2. Overhead Valve (OHV)
                                                                                                                          1. Pushrod Systems
                                                                                                                            1. Rocker Arm Design
                                                                                                                            2. Variable Valve Timing
                                                                                                                              1. Cam Phasing Systems
                                                                                                                                1. Variable Lift Systems
                                                                                                                            3. Fuel Systems
                                                                                                                              1. Fuel Injection Systems
                                                                                                                                1. Port Fuel Injection
                                                                                                                                  1. Injector Design
                                                                                                                                    1. Fuel Rail Design
                                                                                                                                      1. Injection Timing
                                                                                                                                      2. Direct Injection
                                                                                                                                        1. High-Pressure Fuel Systems
                                                                                                                                          1. Injector Placement
                                                                                                                                            1. Spray Pattern Optimization
                                                                                                                                            2. Common Rail Systems
                                                                                                                                              1. System Components
                                                                                                                                                1. Pressure Control
                                                                                                                                              2. Fuel Pumps and Delivery
                                                                                                                                                1. Mechanical Fuel Pumps
                                                                                                                                                  1. Electric Fuel Pumps
                                                                                                                                                    1. Fuel Pressure Regulation
                                                                                                                                                  2. Air Intake Systems
                                                                                                                                                    1. Air Intake Design
                                                                                                                                                      1. Air Filter Systems
                                                                                                                                                        1. Intake Manifold Design
                                                                                                                                                          1. Throttle Body Design
                                                                                                                                                          2. Forced Induction
                                                                                                                                                            1. Turbocharging
                                                                                                                                                              1. Turbocharger Components
                                                                                                                                                                1. Boost Control Systems
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Intercooling
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Supercharging
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Roots Superchargers
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Centrifugal Superchargers
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Screw Superchargers
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Ignition Systems
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Spark Plug Design
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Electrode Materials
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Heat Range Selection
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Thread Design
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Ignition Coils
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Coil-on-Plug Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Waste Spark Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Energy Storage and Delivery
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Ignition Timing Control
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Advance Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Electronic Control
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Engine Lubrication
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Lubrication System Design
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Oil Pump Types
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Oil Filter Design
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Oil Cooler Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Lubricant Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Viscosity Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Additive Packages
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Oil Change Intervals
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Engine Cooling
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cooling System Components
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Radiator Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Water Pump Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Thermostat Function
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Cooling Fan Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Coolant Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Heat Transfer Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Corrosion Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Freeze Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Exhaust and Emissions Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Exhaust System Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Exhaust Manifold Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Exhaust Pipe Sizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Muffler Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Emissions Control Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Catalytic Converters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Three-Way Catalysts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Oxidation Catalysts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Catalyst Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. EGR Valve Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. EGR Cooler Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Particulate Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Diesel Particulate Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Regeneration Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Urea Injection Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. NOx Reduction Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Electric and Hybrid Powertrains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Electric Vehicle Architectures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Single Motor Configurations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Dual Motor Configurations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. In-Wheel Motor Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Fuel Cell Stack Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Hydrogen Storage Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Power Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Hybrid Electric Vehicle Architectures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Series Hybrid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Generator and Motor Sizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Control Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Parallel Hybrid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Torque Blending
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Clutch Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Series-Parallel Hybrid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Planetary Gear Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Power Split Devices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Battery Sizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Charge Depletion Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Electric Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Motor Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Rotor Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Magnet Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Induction Motors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Squirrel Cage Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Slip Ring Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Switched Reluctance Motors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pole Configuration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Control Complexity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Motor Control Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Inverter Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Control Algorithms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Sensor Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Energy Storage Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Battery Technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Lithium-Ion Batteries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Cell Chemistry Variations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Cell Formats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Thermal Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Solid-State Batteries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Electrolyte Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Manufacturing Challenges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Alternative Battery Chemistries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Nickel-Metal Hydride
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Sodium-Ion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Battery Management Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cell Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. State of Charge Estimation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Thermal Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Safety Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Ultracapacitors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Energy Density Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Power Density Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Power Electronics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Inverter Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. IGBT Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. SiC and GaN Devices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Switching Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. DC-DC Converters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Buck Converters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Boost Converters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Bidirectional Converters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. On-Board Chargers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. AC-DC Conversion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Power Factor Correction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Charging Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Regenerative Braking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Energy Recovery Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Motor as Generator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Energy Flow Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Control Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Blended Braking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Regeneration Optimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Transmission and Driveline
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Manual Transmissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Gearbox Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Gear Ratios and Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Synchronizer Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Shift Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Clutch Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clutch Disc Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Pressure Plate Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Release Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Automatic Transmissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Torque Converter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Impeller and Turbine Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Stator Function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Lock-up Clutch
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Planetary Gearsets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Simple Planetary Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Compound Planetary Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Gear Ratio Calculations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Hydraulic Control Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Valve Body Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Shift Control Logic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Pressure Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Continuously Variable Transmissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Belt and Pulley Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Variable Pulley Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Belt Materials and Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Control Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Ratio Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Torque Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Dual-Clutch Transmissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Clutch Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Wet Clutch Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Dry Clutch Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Shift Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Pre-selection Logic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Shift Quality Optimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Driveline Components
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Clutch Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Single Plate Clutches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Multi-Plate Clutches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Clutch Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Driveshaft Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Universal Joints
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Constant Velocity Joints
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Balancing Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Differential Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Open Differential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Operation Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Gear Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Limited Slip Differential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Clutch-Type LSD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Viscous Coupling LSD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Torsen Differential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Locking Differential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Manual Locking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Automatic Locking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Axle Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Live Axle Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Independent Axle Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Axle Materials and Manufacturing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. All-Wheel Drive Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Transfer Case Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Chain Drive Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Gear Drive Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Center Differential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Torque Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Control Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Electronic Control Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Traction Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Torque Vectoring

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Go to top

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4. Chassis Engineering