Atomic and Molecular Physics

Atomic and Molecular Physics is the branch of quantum physics that studies the structure and properties of atoms and simple molecules. It focuses on the arrangement of electrons and atomic nuclei and the processes by which these arrangements change, such as through interactions with each other or with electromagnetic radiation (light). This field provides the fundamental understanding of quantized energy levels, chemical bonding, and the absorption and emission of photons, which underpins modern spectroscopy, laser physics, and quantum chemistry.