UsefulLinks
Physics
Quantum Physics
Atomic and Molecular Physics
1. Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
2. Simple Quantum Systems
3. The Hydrogen Atom
4. Fine Structure and Relativistic Effects
5. Atoms in External Fields
6. Multi-Electron Atoms
7. Interaction of Atoms with Electromagnetic Radiation
8. Molecular Physics Fundamentals
9. Electronic Structure of Molecules
10. Molecular Rotation and Vibration
11. Molecular Spectroscopy
12. Advanced Topics in Atomic Physics
13. Atomic and Molecular Collisions
14. Experimental Methods and Applications
4.
Fine Structure and Relativistic Effects
4.1.
Limitations of the Non-Relativistic Model
4.1.1.
Need for Relativistic Corrections
4.1.2.
Order of Magnitude Estimates
4.2.
Fine Structure Corrections
4.2.1.
Relativistic Kinetic Energy Correction
4.2.2.
Spin-Orbit Coupling
4.2.3.
Physical Origin
4.2.4.
Coupling Strength
4.2.5.
Energy Level Splitting
4.2.6.
The Darwin Term
4.2.7.
Contact Interaction
4.2.8.
Physical Interpretation
4.2.9.
Fine Structure Constant
4.2.10.
Total Fine Structure Energy Shift
4.2.11.
j-j Coupling Scheme
4.3.
The Dirac Equation
4.3.1.
Relativistic Wave Equation
4.3.2.
Dirac Matrices
4.3.3.
Spinor Solutions
4.3.4.
Hydrogen Atom Solutions
4.4.
Quantum Electrodynamics Corrections
4.4.1.
The Lamb Shift
4.4.2.
Vacuum Polarization
4.4.3.
Vertex Corrections
4.4.4.
Experimental Verification
4.5.
Hyperfine Structure
4.5.1.
Nuclear Magnetic Moment
4.5.2.
Hyperfine Interaction Hamiltonian
4.5.3.
Magnetic Dipole Interaction
4.5.4.
Contact Interaction (Fermi Contact)
4.5.5.
Hyperfine Energy Splitting
4.5.6.
Total Angular Momentum F
4.5.7.
The 21 cm Line of Hydrogen
4.5.8.
Ground State Hyperfine Transition
4.5.9.
Astrophysical Importance
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3. The Hydrogen Atom
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5. Atoms in External Fields