Atmospheric Sciences

5.

Cloud Microphysics

5.1.

The Role of Aerosols

5.1.1.

Cloud Condensation Nuclei

5.1.1.1.

Sources and Properties

5.1.2.

Ice-Forming Nuclei

5.1.2.1.

Types and Effects

5.2.

Formation and Growth of Cloud Droplets

5.2.1.

Curvature Effect

5.2.1.1.

5.2.2.

5.2.2.1.

5.2.3.

Condensational Growth

5.2.3.1.

Droplet Growth by Vapor Deposition

5.3.

Warm Cloud Processes

5.3.1.

Collision and Coalescence

5.3.1.1.

Droplet Size Distribution

5.3.1.2.

Collection Efficiency

5.4.

Cold Cloud Processes

5.4.1.

The Bergeron-Findeisen Process

5.4.1.1.

Ice Crystal Growth

5.4.2.

Accretion and Aggregation

5.4.2.1.

5.4.2.2.

Snowflake Formation

5.5.

Precipitation Formation

5.5.1.

5.5.1.1.

Raindrop Formation and Fall

5.5.2.

5.5.2.1.

Snow Crystal Types

5.5.3.

5.5.3.1.

Formation Mechanism

5.5.4.

5.5.4.1.

Supercooled Droplets

5.5.5.

5.5.5.1.

Hailstone Growth

5.6.

Cloud Classification

5.6.1.

5.6.1.1.

5.6.1.2.

5.6.1.3.

5.6.2.

5.6.2.1.

5.6.2.2.

5.6.3.

5.6.3.1.

5.6.3.2.

5.6.3.3.

5.6.4.

Clouds with Vertical Development

5.6.4.1.

5.6.4.2.

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6. Atmospheric Dynamics