Atmospheric Sciences

  1. Atmospheric Thermodynamics
    1. Thermodynamic Systems and State Variables
      1. System Types
        1. Open Systems
          1. Closed Systems
            1. Isolated Systems
            2. State Variables
              1. Temperature
                1. Pressure
                  1. Volume
                    1. Density
                  2. The Ideal Gas Law
                    1. Equation of State for Dry Air
                      1. Equation of State for Moist Air
                      2. First Law of Thermodynamics
                        1. Internal Energy, Heat, and Work
                          1. Definitions and Relationships
                          2. Adiabatic Processes
                            1. Dry Adiabatic Process
                              1. Moist Adiabatic Process
                              2. Potential Temperature
                                1. Definition and Significance
                              3. Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy
                                1. Entropy in Atmospheric Processes
                                  1. Irreversibility and Spontaneity
                                  2. Water Vapor in the Air
                                    1. Phase Changes of Water
                                      1. Evaporation
                                        1. Condensation
                                          1. Sublimation
                                            1. Deposition
                                              1. Freezing
                                                1. Melting
                                                2. Measures of Humidity
                                                  1. Absolute Humidity
                                                    1. Specific Humidity
                                                      1. Mixing Ratio
                                                        1. Relative Humidity
                                                          1. Dew Point Temperature
                                                          2. Latent Heat
                                                            1. Latent Heat of Vaporization
                                                              1. Latent Heat of Fusion
                                                                1. Latent Heat of Sublimation
                                                              2. Static Stability of the Atmosphere
                                                                1. Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate
                                                                  1. Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate
                                                                    1. Environmental Lapse Rate
                                                                      1. Conditional and Absolute Instability
                                                                        1. Stable Conditions
                                                                          1. Unstable Conditions
                                                                            1. Neutral Conditions
                                                                          2. Thermodynamic Diagrams
                                                                            1. Skew-T Log-P Diagram
                                                                              1. Structure and Interpretation
                                                                              2. Tephigram
                                                                                1. Emagram
                                                                                  1. Interpreting Soundings
                                                                                    1. Temperature and Dew Point Profiles
                                                                                      1. Lifting Condensation Level
                                                                                        1. Level of Free Convection
                                                                                          1. Convective Available Potential Energy
                                                                                            1. Convective Inhibition

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                                                                                        2. Atmospheric Composition and Structure

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                                                                                        4. Atmospheric Radiation