API Design and Development

  1. API Security
    1. Authentication
      1. Verifying Identity
        1. Identity Providers
          1. Multi-Factor Authentication
          2. Common Authentication Schemes
            1. API Keys
              1. Key Generation and Management
                1. Key Rotation
                  1. Key Distribution
                    1. Usage Tracking
                    2. Basic Authentication
                      1. Username and Password Transmission
                        1. Security Risks
                          1. HTTPS Requirements
                          2. Bearer Tokens (JWT)
                            1. Token Structure
                              1. Header
                                1. Payload
                                  1. Signature
                                  2. Token Expiry and Refresh
                                    1. Token Validation
                                      1. Stateless Authentication
                                      2. OAuth 2.0
                                        1. Roles
                                          1. Resource Owner
                                            1. Client
                                              1. Authorization Server
                                                1. Resource Server
                                                2. Grant Types
                                                  1. Authorization Code
                                                    1. Client Credentials
                                                      1. Implicit
                                                        1. Resource Owner Password Credentials
                                                          1. Device Code
                                                          2. Token Types
                                                            1. Access Tokens
                                                              1. Refresh Tokens
                                                              2. Token Scopes
                                                                1. Scope Definition
                                                                  1. Scope Validation
                                                                  2. PKCE (Proof Key for Code Exchange)
                                                                    1. Security Enhancement
                                                                      1. Mobile Applications
                                                                    2. OpenID Connect (OIDC)
                                                                      1. Identity Layer on OAuth 2.0
                                                                        1. ID Tokens
                                                                          1. UserInfo Endpoint
                                                                            1. Discovery Mechanism
                                                                          2. Session Management
                                                                            1. Session Tokens
                                                                              1. Session Storage
                                                                                1. Session Expiration
                                                                              2. Authorization
                                                                                1. Determining Permissions
                                                                                  1. Permission Models
                                                                                    1. Access Control Lists
                                                                                    2. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
                                                                                      1. Defining Roles
                                                                                        1. Assigning Permissions
                                                                                          1. Role Hierarchies
                                                                                            1. Role Assignment
                                                                                            2. Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)
                                                                                              1. Attribute Definition
                                                                                                1. Policy Rules
                                                                                                  1. Dynamic Authorization
                                                                                                  2. Scope-Based Access Control
                                                                                                    1. Defining Scopes
                                                                                                      1. Mapping Scopes to Endpoints
                                                                                                        1. Scope Inheritance
                                                                                                        2. Resource-Level Authorization
                                                                                                          1. Ownership Checks
                                                                                                            1. Fine-Grained Permissions
                                                                                                          2. Transport Layer Security
                                                                                                            1. Importance of HTTPS (TLS/SSL)
                                                                                                              1. Encryption in Transit
                                                                                                                1. Data Integrity
                                                                                                                2. Enforcing Encrypted Communication
                                                                                                                  1. HTTPS Redirects
                                                                                                                    1. HSTS Headers
                                                                                                                    2. Certificate Management
                                                                                                                      1. Certificate Authorities
                                                                                                                        1. Certificate Renewal
                                                                                                                          1. Certificate Pinning
                                                                                                                          2. TLS Configuration
                                                                                                                            1. Protocol Versions
                                                                                                                              1. Cipher Suites
                                                                                                                                1. Perfect Forward Secrecy
                                                                                                                              2. Common Security Threats and Mitigation
                                                                                                                                1. Input Validation
                                                                                                                                  1. Preventing Injection Attacks
                                                                                                                                    1. SQL Injection
                                                                                                                                      1. NoSQL Injection
                                                                                                                                        1. Command Injection
                                                                                                                                        2. Preventing Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
                                                                                                                                          1. Input Sanitization
                                                                                                                                            1. Output Encoding
                                                                                                                                            2. Whitelisting vs. Blacklisting
                                                                                                                                              1. Validation Strategies
                                                                                                                                                1. Regular Expressions
                                                                                                                                              2. Rate Limiting and Throttling
                                                                                                                                                1. Preventing Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks
                                                                                                                                                  1. Fair Usage Policies
                                                                                                                                                    1. Implementing Rate Limits
                                                                                                                                                      1. Fixed Window
                                                                                                                                                        1. Sliding Window
                                                                                                                                                          1. Token Bucket
                                                                                                                                                          2. Rate Limit Headers
                                                                                                                                                            1. Remaining Requests
                                                                                                                                                              1. Reset Time
                                                                                                                                                            2. Securing API Keys and Secrets
                                                                                                                                                              1. Secure Storage
                                                                                                                                                                1. Environment Variables
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Secret Management Systems
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Avoiding Exposure in Code Repositories
                                                                                                                                                                    1. .gitignore Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Secret Scanning
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Key Rotation Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                      3. CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)
                                                                                                                                                                        1. CORS Policy Configuration
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Allowed Origins
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Allowed Methods
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Allowed Headers
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Preflight Requests
                                                                                                                                                                                1. OPTIONS Method
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Preflight Caching
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Credentials Handling
                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Additional Security Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Request Signing
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. HMAC Signatures
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Digital Signatures
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. IP Whitelisting
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Network-Level Security
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Geographic Restrictions
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Audit Logging
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Security Event Logging
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Log Analysis

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                                                                                                                                                                                          4. Data Formats and Serialization

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                                                                                                                                                                                          6. API Development and Implementation