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Mathematics
Algebraic Geometry
1. Foundations of Algebraic Geometry
2. Polynomial Rings and Commutative Algebra
3. Gröbner Bases
4. Affine Algebraic Geometry
5. Projective Algebraic Geometry
6. Rational Maps and Birational Geometry
7. Local Properties and Singularities
8. Introduction to Schemes
9. Coherent Sheaves and Cohomology
10. Divisors and Line Bundles
11. Algebraic Curves
12. Algebraic Surfaces
13. Advanced Topics
Local Properties and Singularities
Local Rings of Varieties
Definition at a Point
Local Ring of Affine Variety
Local Ring of Projective Variety
Properties and Examples
Tangent Spaces
Geometric Definition for Hypersurfaces
Intrinsic Definition via Derivations
Derivations and Tangent Vectors
Cotangent Space
Zariski Tangent Space
Definition via Maximal Ideal
Dimension Properties
Smooth and Singular Points
Definition of Smooth Points
Jacobian Criterion
Statement and Applications
Singular Points
Definition and Examples
Types of Singularities
Singular Locus
Definition and Properties
Regular Local Rings
Definition and Characterizations
Connection to Smoothness
Dimension at a Point
Local Dimension
Relationship to Global Dimension
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6. Rational Maps and Birational Geometry
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8. Introduction to Schemes