Agricultural Sciences

  1. Plant Protection
    1. Agricultural Entomology
      1. Insect Biology and Ecology
        1. Insect Morphology
          1. External Anatomy
            1. Head Structure
              1. Thorax and Appendages
                1. Abdomen
                2. Internal Anatomy
                  1. Digestive System
                    1. Circulatory System
                      1. Respiratory System
                        1. Nervous System
                          1. Reproductive System
                        2. Insect Development
                          1. Metamorphosis Types
                            1. Complete Metamorphosis
                              1. Incomplete Metamorphosis
                              2. Growth and Molting
                                1. Diapause and Dormancy
                                2. Insect Classification
                                  1. Major Orders
                                    1. Lepidoptera
                                      1. Coleoptera
                                        1. Diptera
                                          1. Hemiptera
                                            1. Hymenoptera
                                              1. Orthoptera
                                                1. Thysanoptera
                                                2. Identification Techniques
                                                  1. Morphological Keys
                                                    1. Molecular Identification
                                                3. Beneficial Insects
                                                  1. Pollinators
                                                    1. Honey Bees
                                                      1. Native Bees
                                                        1. Butterflies and Moths
                                                          1. Other Pollinators
                                                          2. Natural Enemies
                                                            1. Predators
                                                              1. Lady Beetles
                                                                1. Ground Beetles
                                                                  1. Spiders
                                                                  2. Parasitoids
                                                                    1. Parasitic Wasps
                                                                      1. Parasitic Flies
                                                                      2. Pathogens
                                                                        1. Bacterial Pathogens
                                                                          1. Fungal Pathogens
                                                                            1. Viral Pathogens
                                                                        2. Pest Insects
                                                                          1. Major Crop Pests
                                                                            1. Chewing Insects
                                                                              1. Sucking Insects
                                                                                1. Boring Insects
                                                                                  1. Soil Insects
                                                                                  2. Damage Assessment
                                                                                    1. Direct Damage
                                                                                      1. Indirect Damage
                                                                                        1. Economic Injury Levels
                                                                                        2. Pest Monitoring
                                                                                          1. Sampling Methods
                                                                                            1. Trapping Systems
                                                                                              1. Degree-Day Models
                                                                                          2. Plant Pathology
                                                                                            1. Disease-Causing Organisms
                                                                                              1. Fungi
                                                                                                1. Fungal Structure
                                                                                                  1. Reproduction Methods
                                                                                                    1. Major Fungal Groups
                                                                                                      1. Disease Symptoms
                                                                                                      2. Bacteria
                                                                                                        1. Bacterial Characteristics
                                                                                                          1. Transmission Methods
                                                                                                            1. Bacterial Disease Symptoms
                                                                                                            2. Viruses
                                                                                                              1. Viral Structure
                                                                                                                1. Transmission Vectors
                                                                                                                  1. Viral Disease Symptoms
                                                                                                                  2. Nematodes
                                                                                                                    1. Nematode Biology
                                                                                                                      1. Plant-Parasitic Nematodes
                                                                                                                        1. Damage Symptoms
                                                                                                                        2. Other Pathogens
                                                                                                                          1. Phytoplasmas
                                                                                                                            1. Viroids
                                                                                                                              1. Parasitic Plants
                                                                                                                            2. Disease Development
                                                                                                                              1. Disease Triangle
                                                                                                                                1. Host Susceptibility
                                                                                                                                  1. Pathogen Virulence
                                                                                                                                    1. Environmental Conditions
                                                                                                                                    2. Infection Process
                                                                                                                                      1. Inoculation
                                                                                                                                        1. Penetration
                                                                                                                                          1. Infection
                                                                                                                                            1. Colonization
                                                                                                                                              1. Reproduction
                                                                                                                                              2. Disease Cycles
                                                                                                                                                1. Primary Inoculum
                                                                                                                                                  1. Secondary Inoculum
                                                                                                                                                    1. Overwintering Survival
                                                                                                                                                  2. Disease Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                    1. Symptom Recognition
                                                                                                                                                      1. Foliar Symptoms
                                                                                                                                                        1. Root Symptoms
                                                                                                                                                          1. Stem Symptoms
                                                                                                                                                            1. Fruit Symptoms
                                                                                                                                                            2. Diagnostic Techniques
                                                                                                                                                              1. Microscopy
                                                                                                                                                                1. Culturing Methods
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Serological Tests
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Molecular Diagnostics
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Disease Management
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cultural Control
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Crop Rotation
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Sanitation
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Resistant Varieties
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Planting Date Adjustment
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Biological Control
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Antagonistic Microorganisms
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Biocontrol Agents
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Chemical Control
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Fungicides
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bactericides
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Nematicides
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Application Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Integrated Pest Management
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. IPM Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ecosystem Approach
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Multiple Tactics Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Economic Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Environmental Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Pest Monitoring and Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Scouting Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Visual Inspection
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Sampling Protocols
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Record Keeping
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Pest Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Field Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Laboratory Confirmation
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Population Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Density Estimation
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Distribution Mapping
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Economic Thresholds
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Economic Injury Level
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Economic Threshold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Action Threshold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cost-Benefit Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Control Tactics Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cultural Controls
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Habitat Modification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Crop Rotation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Resistant Varieties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Planting Practices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Biological Controls
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Conservation of Natural Enemies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Augmentative Releases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Classical Biological Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Mechanical and Physical Controls
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Exclusion Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Trapping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Physical Removal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Chemical Controls
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Selective Pesticides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Targeted Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Resistance Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. IPM Implementation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Program Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Farmer Training
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Monitoring and Evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Adaptive Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Pesticide Science and Application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Pesticide Classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. By Target Organism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Insecticides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Fungicides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Herbicides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Nematicides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Rodenticides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bactericides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. By Chemical Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Organochlorines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Organophosphates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Carbamates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Pyrethroids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Neonicotinoids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. By Mode of Action
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Contact Pesticides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Systemic Pesticides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Stomach Poisons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Fumigants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Pesticide Formulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Liquid Formulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Emulsifiable Concentrates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Solid Formulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Wettable Powders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Granules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Dusts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Specialty Formulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Microencapsulated
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Slow-Release
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Bait Formulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Application Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Application Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Sprayers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Boom Sprayers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Air-Blast Sprayers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Backpack Sprayers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Dusters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Granule Applicators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Fumigation Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Application Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Spray Coverage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Droplet Size
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Application Timing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Weather Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Calibration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Equipment Calibration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Rate Calculations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Pesticide Safety and Regulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Human Health Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Personal Protective Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Exposure Routes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Acute and Chronic Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. First Aid Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Environmental Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Non-Target Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Water Quality Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Soil Contamination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Wildlife Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Regulatory Framework
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Registration Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Label Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Use Restrictions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Residue Tolerances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Resistance Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Resistance Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Metabolic Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Target Site Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Behavioral Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Resistance Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Bioassays
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Molecular Markers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Resistance Management Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Rotation of Modes of Action
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Mixtures and Combinations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Refugia Management

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Next

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    6. Agricultural Engineering and Technology