Aerospace Materials

  1. Composite Materials
    1. Fundamentals of Composites
      1. Definition and Basic Concepts
        1. Composite Classification
          1. By Matrix Type
            1. By Reinforcement Type
              1. By Structure
              2. Advantages of Composites
                1. High Specific Strength
                  1. High Specific Stiffness
                    1. Tailorable Properties
                      1. Corrosion Resistance
                        1. Design Flexibility
                        2. Limitations of Composites
                          1. Cost
                            1. Processing Complexity
                              1. Repair Challenges
                                1. Environmental Sensitivity
                                  1. Anisotropic Properties
                                2. Reinforcing Fibers
                                  1. Carbon Fibers
                                    1. PAN-Based Carbon Fibers
                                      1. Pitch-Based Carbon Fibers
                                        1. Standard Modulus Fibers
                                          1. Intermediate Modulus Fibers
                                            1. High Modulus Fibers
                                              1. Ultra-High Modulus Fibers
                                                1. Properties and Applications
                                                2. Glass Fibers
                                                  1. E-Glass
                                                    1. S-Glass
                                                      1. Properties and Applications
                                                      2. Aramid Fibers
                                                        1. Kevlar 29
                                                          1. Kevlar 49
                                                            1. Kevlar 149
                                                              1. Properties and Applications
                                                              2. Boron Fibers
                                                                1. Manufacturing Process
                                                                  1. Properties and Applications
                                                                  2. Ceramic Fibers
                                                                    1. Silicon Carbide Fibers
                                                                      1. Alumina Fibers
                                                                        1. Properties and Applications
                                                                        2. Natural Fibers
                                                                          1. Flax
                                                                            1. Hemp
                                                                              1. Properties and Applications
                                                                            2. Matrix Materials
                                                                              1. Polymer Matrix Composites
                                                                                1. Thermoset Matrices
                                                                                  1. Epoxy Resins
                                                                                    1. Phenolic Resins
                                                                                      1. Polyimide Resins
                                                                                        1. Bismaleimide Resins
                                                                                        2. Thermoplastic Matrices
                                                                                          1. PEEK
                                                                                            1. PEI
                                                                                              1. PPS
                                                                                                1. PEKK
                                                                                                2. Properties and Selection Criteria
                                                                                                3. Metal Matrix Composites
                                                                                                  1. Aluminum Matrices
                                                                                                    1. Titanium Matrices
                                                                                                      1. Magnesium Matrices
                                                                                                        1. Properties and Applications
                                                                                                        2. Ceramic Matrix Composites
                                                                                                          1. Silicon Carbide Matrices
                                                                                                            1. Alumina Matrices
                                                                                                              1. Silicon Nitride Matrices
                                                                                                                1. Properties and Applications
                                                                                                              2. Mechanics of Composite Materials
                                                                                                                1. Micromechanics
                                                                                                                  1. Rule of Mixtures
                                                                                                                    1. Fiber-Matrix Interface
                                                                                                                      1. Load Transfer Mechanisms
                                                                                                                      2. Macromechanics
                                                                                                                        1. Anisotropic Material Behavior
                                                                                                                          1. Orthotropic Properties
                                                                                                                            1. Lamina Properties
                                                                                                                            2. Laminate Theory
                                                                                                                              1. Classical Laminate Theory
                                                                                                                                1. ABD Matrix
                                                                                                                                  1. Coupling Effects
                                                                                                                                  2. Failure Criteria
                                                                                                                                    1. Maximum Stress Criterion
                                                                                                                                      1. Maximum Strain Criterion
                                                                                                                                        1. Tsai-Hill Criterion
                                                                                                                                          1. Tsai-Wu Criterion
                                                                                                                                            1. Hashin Criterion
                                                                                                                                            2. Ply Orientation Effects
                                                                                                                                              1. 0-Degree Plies
                                                                                                                                                1. 90-Degree Plies
                                                                                                                                                  1. 45-Degree Plies
                                                                                                                                                    1. Quasi-Isotropic Laminates
                                                                                                                                                    2. Stacking Sequence Effects
                                                                                                                                                      1. Symmetric Laminates
                                                                                                                                                        1. Balanced Laminates
                                                                                                                                                          1. Coupling Effects
                                                                                                                                                          2. Interlaminar Stresses
                                                                                                                                                            1. Free Edge Effects
                                                                                                                                                              1. Delamination Initiation
                                                                                                                                                                1. Mode I, II, and III Fracture
                                                                                                                                                              2. Types of Composite Structures
                                                                                                                                                                1. Laminates
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Unidirectional Laminates
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cross-Ply Laminates
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Angle-Ply Laminates
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Quasi-Isotropic Laminates
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Fabric Laminates
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Sandwich Structures
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Core Materials
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Honeycomb Cores
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Aluminum Honeycomb
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Nomex Honeycomb
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Carbon Honeycomb
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Foam Cores
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. PVC Foam
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. PET Foam
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. PMI Foam
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Balsa Wood Cores
                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Face Sheets
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Composite Face Sheets
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Metallic Face Sheets
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Sandwich Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Failure Modes
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Applications and Benefits
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Three-Dimensional Structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Braided Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Woven Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Stitched Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Manufacturing and Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Hand Lay-up
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Process Description
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Advantages and Limitations
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Prepreg Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Prepreg Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Storage and Handling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Lay-up Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Automated Manufacturing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Automated Fiber Placement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Automated Tape Laying
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Process Parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Liquid Molding Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Resin Transfer Molding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Resin Film Infusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Curing Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Autoclave Curing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Oven Curing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Out-of-Autoclave Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Cure Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Specialized Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Filament Winding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Pultrusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Compression Molding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Quality Control and Inspection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Process Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Non-Destructive Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Statistical Process Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Applications of Composites in Aerospace
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Primary Structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Wing Structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Wing Box
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Wing Skins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Spars and Ribs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Fuselage Structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Fuselage Sections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pressure Bulkheads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Frames
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Empennage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Vertical Stabilizer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Horizontal Stabilizer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Secondary Structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Fairings and Radomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Control Surfaces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Doors and Access Panels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Engine Nacelles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Interior Components
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cabin Panels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Overhead Bins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Seat Structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Galley Components
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Rotorcraft Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Rotor Blades
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Hub Components
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Fuselage Structures

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. High-Temperature Materials

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      5. Material Behavior and Failure Mechanisms