Topoisomers or topological isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and stereochemical bond connectivities but different topologies. Examples of molecules for which there exist topoisomers include DNA, which can form knots, and catenanes. Each topoisomer of a given DNA molecule possesses a different linking number associated with it. DNA topoisomers can be interchanged by enzymes called topoisomerases. Using a topoisomerase along with an intercalator, topoisomers with different linking number may be separated on an agarose gel via gel electrophoresis. (Wikipedia).
André JOYAL - 4/4 A crash course in topos theory : the big picture
I will sketch an overall picture of topos theory and of the theory of locales. It includes the notion of sheaf on a site, the notion of forcing topology, of geometric morphism and Giraud's theorem. A useful principle is that a topos is a commutative ring-like object. Every topos is a quoti
From playlist Topos à l'IHES
André JOYAL - 3/4 A crash course in topos theory : the big picture
I will sketch an overall picture of topos theory and of the theory of locales. It includes the notion of sheaf on a site, the notion of forcing topology, of geometric morphism and Giraud's theorem. A useful principle is that a topos is a commutative ring-like object. Every topos is a quoti
From playlist Topos à l'IHES
André JOYAL - 2/4 A crash course in topos theory : the big picture
I will sketch an overall picture of topos theory and of the theory of locales. It includes the notion of sheaf on a site, the notion of forcing topology, of geometric morphism and Giraud's theorem. A useful principle is that a topos is a commutative ring-like object. Every topos is a quoti
From playlist Topos à l'IHES
Jean BÉNABOU - Very, almost, and so on, ...
Very, almost, and so on, ... (when fragments of the language find their way into Topos Theory)
From playlist Topos à l'IHES
André JOYAL - New variations on the notion of topos
The notion topos is a prominent member of a family of notions which includes that of abelian category, of locally presentable category and of higher topos. We propose two new members: the notion of locus and that of para-topos. The category of pointed spaces and the category of spectra are
From playlist Topos à l'IHES
Olivia Caramello - 2/4 ntroduction to categorical logic, classifying toposes...
Introduction to categorical logic, classifying toposes and the « bridge » technique Construction of classifying toposes for geometric theories. Duality between the subtoposes of the classifying topos of a geometric theory and the quotients of the theory. Transfer of topos‐the
From playlist Topos à l'IHES
Mathieu ANEL - Toposes are commutative rings
Abstract: In this talk, we shall develop the point of view comparing (higher) toposes to commutative rings. We shall then see how the corresponding integral and differential calculus are related respectively to Verdier duality and Goodwillie calculus of functors.
From playlist Topos à l'IHES
Olivia Caramello - 3/4 ntroduction to categorical logic, classifying toposes...
Introduction to categorical logic, classifying toposes and the 'bridge' technique Theories classified by a presheaf topos and their quotients. Finite presentability, irreducible formulae and homogeneous models.
From playlist Topos à l'IHES
Lec 11 | MIT 7.012 Introduction to Biology, Fall 2004
Molecular Biology 2 (Prof. Eric Lander) View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/7-012F04 License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
From playlist MIT 7.012 Introduction to Biology, Fall 2004
Topoi 3: The definition of a topos
This is video number 3 in the series defining topoi. Here's the updated text used in the video: https://gist.github.com/Nikolaj-K/469b9ca1c085ea4ac4e3d7d0008913f5 Fourth video on Power and Negation in a topos: https://youtu.be/dvXRQI8RonY
From playlist Algebra
DNA Replication - Leading Strand vs Lagging Strand & Okazaki Fragments
This biology video tutorial provides a basic introduction into DNA replication. It discusses the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand as well as the presence of okazaki fragments. Here is a list of topics: 0:00 - Intro to DNA Replication 0:00 - Semiconservative Re
From playlist Biology
DNA Replication | MIT 7.01SC Fundamentals of Biology
DNA Replication Instructor: Eric Lander View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/7-01SCF11 License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
From playlist MIT 7.01SC Fundamentals of Biology
Lecture 5: The definition of a topos (Part 2)
A topos is a Cartesian closed category with all finite limits and a subobject classifier. In his two seminar talks (of which this is the second) James Clift will explain all of these terms in detail. In his first talk he defined products, pullbacks, general limits, and exponentials and in
From playlist Topos theory seminar