Necessity and sufficiency | Mathematical terminology
In logic and mathematics, necessity and sufficiency are terms used to describe a conditional or implicational relationship between two statements. For example, in the conditional statement: "If P then Q", Q is necessary for P, because the truth of Q is guaranteed by the truth of P (equivalently, it is impossible to have P without Q). Similarly, P is sufficient for Q, because P being true always implies that Q is true, but P not being true does not always imply that Q is not true. In general, a necessary condition is one that must be present in order for another condition to occur, while a sufficient condition is one that produces the said condition. The assertion that a statement is a "necessary and sufficient" condition of another means that the former statement is true if and only if the latter is true. That is, the two statements must be either simultaneously true, or simultaneously false. In ordinary English (also natural language) "necessary" and "sufficient" indicate relations between conditions or states of affairs, not statements. For example, being a male is a necessary condition for being a brother, but it is not sufficient—while being a male sibling is a necessary and sufficient condition for being a brother.Any conditional statement consists of at least one sufficient condition and at least one necessary condition. (Wikipedia).
The idea of ‘atonement’ sounds very old-fashioned and is deeply rooted in religious tradition. To atone means, in essence, to acknowledge one’s capacity for wrongness and one’s readiness for apology and desire for change. It’s a concept that every society needs at its center. For gifts and
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The route to greater resilience is to explore how well we would cope if so much of what we think we need were to be taken away from us. We would, almost certainly, manage far better than we think in our timid moments. If you like our films, take a look at our shop (we ship worldwide): http
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The Problem With Perfectionism
We aim for perfection without a correct idea of what perfection might demand from us. To strengthen our resolve, we need to improve our picture of what sacrifices any achievement will demand. If you like our films, take a look at our shop (we ship worldwide): https://goo.gl/p8kdj3 Join ou
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We’re used to thinking about love as a kind of admiration for perfection. But there’s another side to what love should mean: tolerance for, and imagination about, the less than perfect sides of others. If you like our films, take a look at our shop (we ship worldwide): https://goo.gl/dDUm
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The Nature of Causation: The Regularity Theory
What is causation? In this first lecture in this series on the nature of causation, Marianne Talbot discusses Hume's famous account of causation, which is a version of the so-called regularity theory. We have causal theories of reference, perception, knowledge, content and numerous other
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Our desire to build good and lasting friendships is often undermined by a lack of focus on what friendship should really be about. Getting clear about what friendship is for isn’t cynical; it provides the foundation for genuine bonds. If you like our films, take a look at our shop (we shi
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Is There an Alternative to Political Correctness?
Political correctness aims for some very nice results, but its means have a habit of upsetting a lot of people. Might there be an alternative to it? We think there is, and it’s called Politeness. If you like our films, take a look at our shop (we ship worldwide): https://goo.gl/iVqWJ1 Joi
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Why Only the Happily Single Find True Love
One of the key requirements for having a good chance of finding the right partner is not to mind too much being single. If you like our films, take a look at our shop (we ship worldwide): https://goo.gl/rgpEkK Join our mailing list: http://bit.ly/2e0TQNJ Or visit us in person at our Lon
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The Capacity to Give up on People
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Why God, Not Nothing? | Episode 1311 | Closer To Truth
To solve the great mystery ‘Why does anything exist at all?’, many invoke ‘God’. But isn’t God also ‘Anything’? How could God be the reason why there is ‘Something’ rather than ‘Nothing’? Featuring interviews with John Leslie, John Polkinghorne, Peter van Inwagen, Robin Le Poidevin, Robert
From playlist Big Questions About God - Closer To Truth - Core Topic
Oxford 4e Understanding Hume on Causation
A course by Peter Millican from Oxford University. Course Description: Dr Peter Millican gives a series of lectures looking at Scottish 18th Century Philosopher David Hume and the first book of his Treatise of Human Nature. Taken from: https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/series/introduction-david
From playlist Oxford: Introduction to David Hume's Treatise of Human Nature Book One | CosmoLearning Philosophy
From playlist Plenary talks One World Symposium 2020
What is Free Will? | Episode 210 | Closer To Truth
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Lecture 3: Income and Substitution Effects
MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020 Instructor: Prof. Robert Townsend View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-04-intermediate-microeconomic-theory-fall-2020/ YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSTSfCs74bg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63wnrKge9vllow3Y2
From playlist MIT 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, Fall 2020
Contrary to some expectations, it isn’t only money we want from work. We also need our work to feel ‘meaningful’. But what exactly is meaningful work, and where can we find more of it? Find out more by reading our book "How to find fulfilling work": http://www.theschooloflife.com/shop/how-
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Inference: A Logical-Philosophical Perspective - Moderated Conversation w/ A.C. Paseau and Gila Sher
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We can often be left feeling that there is something wrong with us if we need regularly to spend a lot of time alone. But the impulse to be alone is, in fact, a sign of taking other people very seriously - and is, therefore, a symptom of being properly, rather than superficially, sociable.
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The Problem With The Butterfly Effect
The first 200 people to go to https://brilliant.org/minutephysics get 20% off a Premium subscription to Brilliant Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ MinutePhysics is on twitter - @
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