Empirical evidence

Sampling (statistics)

Empirical evidence for a proposition is evidence, i.e. what supports or counters this proposition, that is constituted by or accessible to sense experience or experimental procedure. Empirical evidence is of central importance to the sciences and plays a role in various other fields, like epistemology and law. There is no general agreement on how the terms evidence and empirical are to be defined. Often different fields work with quite different conceptions. In epistemology, evidence is what justifies beliefs or what determines whether holding a certain belief is rational. This is only possible if the evidence is possessed by the person, which has prompted various epistemologists to conceive evidence as private mental states like experiences or other beliefs. In philosophy of science, on the other hand, evidence is understood as that which confirms or disconfirms scientific hypotheses and arbitrates between competing theories. For this role, it is important that evidence is public and uncontroversial, like observable physical objects or events and unlike private mental states, so that evidence may foster scientific consensus. The term empirical comes from Greek ἐμπειρία empeiría, i.e. 'experience'. In this context, it is usually understood as what is observable, in contrast to unobservable or theoretical objects. It is generally accepted that unaided perception constitutes observation, but it is disputed to what extent objects accessible only to aided perception, like bacteria seen through a microscope or positrons detected in a cloud chamber, should be regarded as observable. Empirical evidence is essential to a posteriori knowledge or empirical knowledge, knowledge whose justification or falsification depends on experience or experiment. A priori knowledge, on the other hand, is seen either as innate or as justified by rational intuition and therefore as not dependent on empirical evidence. Rationalism fully accepts that there is knowledge a priori, which is either outright rejected by empiricism or accepted only in a restricted way as knowledge of relations between our concepts but not as pertaining to the external world. Scientific evidence is closely related to empirical evidence but not all forms of empirical evidence meet the standards dictated by scientific methods. Sources of empirical evidence are sometimes divided into observation and experimentation, the difference being that only experimentation involves manipulation or intervention: phenomena are actively created instead of being passively observed. (Wikipedia).

Teach Astronomy - Evidence

http://www.teachastronomy.com/ There is no science without evidence. When a scientist makes an assertion he must back it up with evidence. The evidence could be evidence that is physical evidence. It could be evidence gathered from telescopes, or microscopes, or other mechanisms we have

From playlist 01. Fundamentals of Science and Astronomy

Teach Astronomy - Testing a Hypothesis

http://www.teachastronomy.com/ One of the basic tasks of science is to test hypotheses. A hypothesis is a description of a set of data, a model, usually a mathematical description in most branches of science. To test a hypothesis we need data of sufficient quantity and quality, and our a

From playlist 01. Fundamentals of Science and Astronomy

Molecular and Empirical Formulas

Introduction to molecular and empirical formulas. Calculating molecular mass. More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=gfBcM3uvWfs

From playlist Chemistry

Teach Astronomy - The Evidence of Astronomy

http://www.teachastronomy.com/ There's very little direct evidence in astronomy. In a few cases we've been lucky enough to have meteorites falling from space. We've even had a few free samples of Mars. But most of the evidence of astronomy is gathered remotely. We've sent spacecrafts t

From playlist 01. Fundamentals of Science and Astronomy

What is the difference between theoretical and experimental physics?

Subscribe to our YouTube Channel for all the latest from World Science U. Visit our Website: http://www.worldscienceu.com/ Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/worldscienceu Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/worldscienceu

From playlist Science Unplugged: Physics

Statistics: Ch 9 Hypothesis Testing (1 of 34) What is a Hypothesis?

Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! To donate: http://www.ilectureonline.com/donate https://www.patreon.com/user?u=3236071 We will learn a hypothesis is: a) A supposition or a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point f

From playlist STATISTICS CH 9 HYPOTHESIS TESTING

Teach Astronomy - Paradigms

http://www.teachastronomy.com/ Science is and must be objective. It must be based on observational data and experimentation. The results must be published so that other people can check or confirm or independently measure the same things. Science depends on this, but there is a social e

From playlist 01. Fundamentals of Science and Astronomy

Statistics: Ch 4 Probability in Statistics (20 of 74) Definition of Probability

Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! To donate: http://www.ilectureonline.com/donate https://www.patreon.com/user?u=3236071 We will learn the “strict” definition of experimental (empirical) and theoretical probability. Next video in this series can be seen

From playlist STATISTICS CH 4 STATISTICS IN PROBABILITY

Intro to Hypothesis Testing

What is a hypothesis test? The meaning of the null and alternate hypothesis, with examples. Overview of test statistics and confidence levels.

From playlist Hypothesis Tests and Critical Values

CGSR | How Nations Actually Succeed in Rivalries: The Societal Sources of Competitive Advantage

How Nations Actually Succeed in Rivalries: The Societal Sources of Competitive Advantage by Mike Mazarr Abstract: Nations rise and fall, succeed or fail in rivalries, and enjoy stability or descend into chaos because of a complex web of factors. One critical component of any such recipe i

From playlist Center for Global Security Research

Mayans and Teotihuacan | World History | Khan Academy

An overview of the Mayan civilization as well as the great city of Teotihuacan. Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancient-medieval/civilizations-in-the-americas/v/chavin-nazca-moche-huari-and-tiwanaku-civilizations World History on Khan Academy:

From playlist 600 BCE - 600 CE Second-Wave Civilizations | AP World History | Khan Academy

Sasanian Iran: A Personal View - Michael R. Jackson Bonner

The Author’s Voice Topic: Sasanian Iran: A Personal View Speaker: Michael R. Jackson Bonner Affiliation: Canadian writer, political adviser and independent historian of Iran September 16, 2021 I will discuss how I came to write The Last Empire of Iran and why. My main motivation was to

From playlist Historical Studies

Soissons and the End of the Western Roman Empire

The fall of the Western Roman empire was not a single event, but a cultural and economic shift that took centuries. The empire's last stand may have been a kingdom in central France. It is history that deserves to be remembered. This is original content based on research by The History Gu

From playlist Europe

Mark Balaguer - What Are the Things of Existence?

How many different kinds of 'things' are there? What are the fewest number of things that can characterize existence and do so exhaustively? In other words, what are the most basic building blocks of everything we see and know? From what things can all that exists be constructed? Are thing

From playlist Exploring Metaphysics - Closer To Truth - Core Topic

What Research Teaches About Making Languages Easy to Learn

What Research Teaches About Making Languages Easy to Learn: Andreas Stefik's team runs experiments to evaluate ease of programming and has developed its own language named Quorum.

From playlist Programming Podcast

Physics Professor watches "the goop lab" - Sixty Symbols

Professor Philip Moriarty watched episode 5 of the goop lab, which focuses on energy. More links and info below ↓ ↓ ↓ the goop lab on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/80244690 More videos with Phil: http://bit.ly/Prof_Moriarty Phil is a physics professor at The University of Not

From playlist Professor Moriarty - Sixty Symbols

How to Talk to a Science Denier - with Lee McIntyre

Many people reject scientific expertise and prefer ideology to facts. Lee McIntyre argues that anyone can and should fight back against science deniers. Watch the Q&A: https://youtu.be/2jTiXCLzMv4 Lee's book "How to Talk to a Science Denier" is out now: https://geni.us/leemcintyre “Climat

From playlist Livestreams

How Irrationality Created Modern Science - with Michael Strevens

Michael Strevens argues that science came about only once thinkers stumbled upon the idea that scientific breakthroughs could be accomplished by breaking the rules of logical argument. Get Michael's book: https://geni.us/knolmach Watch the Q&A: https://youtu.be/ZOq--OyMQEo Modern science

From playlist Livestreams

Teach Astronomy - Pseudoscience

http://www.teachastronomy.com/ A pseudoscience is something that pretends to be scientific but is not. Science follows a rigorous method which relies on the sharing of data, the basis in observations, and the fact that any scientist can assert something, but it has to be supported by evid

From playlist 01. Fundamentals of Science and Astronomy

Review: Inglorious Empire by Shashi Tharoor

Inglorious Empire on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/shop/caspianreport Speech by Shashi Tharoor OxfordUnion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7CW7S0zxv4 Support CaspianReport on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/CaspianReport PayPal: https://www.paypal.me/CaspianReport Bitcoin: 1MwRNXWW

From playlist The Bookshelf

Empirical evidence

Related pages