Formal languages | Formal systems | Proof theory
In logic and mathematics, a formal proof or derivation is a finite sequence of sentences (called well-formed formulas in the case of a formal language), each of which is an axiom, an assumption, or follows from the preceding sentences in the sequence by a rule of inference. It differs from a natural language argument in that it is rigorous, unambiguous and mechanically verifiable. If the set of assumptions is empty, then the last sentence in a formal proof is called a theorem of the formal system. The notion of theorem is not in general effective, therefore there may be no method by which we can always find a proof of a given sentence or determine that none exists. The concepts of Fitch-style proof, sequent calculus and natural deduction are generalizations of the concept of proof. The theorem is a syntactic consequence of all the well-formed formulas preceding it in the proof. For a well-formed formula to qualify as part of a proof, it must be the result of applying a rule of the deductive apparatus (of some formal system) to the previous well-formed formulas in the proof sequence. Formal proofs often are constructed with the help of computers in interactive theorem proving (e.g., through the use of proof checker and automated theorem prover). Significantly, these proofs can be checked automatically, also by computer. Checking formal proofs is usually simple, while the problem of finding proofs (automated theorem proving) is usually computationally intractable and/or only semi-decidable, depending upon the formal system in use. (Wikipedia).
Introduction to Direct Proofs: If n is even, then n squared is even
This video introduces the mathematical proof method of direct proof provides an example of a direct proof. mathispower4u.com
From playlist Symbolic Logic and Proofs (Discrete Math)
Introduction to Common Mathematical Proof Methods
This video introduces the common methods of mathematical proofs and provides a basic example of a direct proof. mathispower4u.com
From playlist Symbolic Logic and Proofs (Discrete Math)
Basic Methods: We note the different methods of informal proof, which include direct proof, proof by contradiction, and proof by induction. We give proofs that sqrt(2) is irrational and that there are infinitely many primes, among others.
From playlist Math Major Basics
SImple proofs and their variations -- Proofs
This lecture is on Introduction to Higher Mathematics (Proofs). For more see http://calculus123.com.
From playlist Proofs
Learn how to write an algebraic proof
👉 Learn how to write an algebraic proof. Algebraic proofs are used to help students understand how to write formal proofs where we have a statement and a reason. In the case of an algebraic proof the statement will be the operations used to solve an algebraic equation and the reason will
From playlist Parallel Lines and a Transversal
Learning to write an algebraic proof
👉 Learn how to write an algebraic proof. Algebraic proofs are used to help students understand how to write formal proofs where we have a statement and a reason. In the case of an algebraic proof the statement will be the operations used to solve an algebraic equation and the reason will
From playlist Parallel Lines and a Transversal
How to write an algebraic proof
👉 Learn how to write an algebraic proof. Algebraic proofs are used to help students understand how to write formal proofs where we have a statement and a reason. In the case of an algebraic proof the statement will be the operations used to solve an algebraic equation and the reason will
From playlist Parallel Lines and a Transversal
Basic Methods: We define theorems and describe how to formally construct a proof. We note further rules of inference and show how the logical equivalence of reductio ad absurdum allows proof by contradiction.
From playlist Math Major Basics
Séminaire Bourbaki - 21/06/2014 - 3/4 - Thomas C. HALES
Developments in formal proofs A for mal proof is a proof that can be read and verified by computer, directly from the fundamental rules of logic and the foundational axioms of mathematics. The technology behind for mal proofs has been under development for decades and grew out of efforts i
From playlist Bourbaki - 21 juin 2014
8ECM Invited Lecture: Andrej Bauer
From playlist 8ECM Invited Lectures
Fabian Immler, Carnegie Mellon University Formal mathematics and a proof of chaos Formal proof has been successfully applied to the verification of hardware and software systems. But formal proof is also applicable to mathematics: proofs can be checked with ultimate rigor and one can bui
From playlist Fall 2019 Kolchin Seminar in Differential Algebra
Tony Wu - Autoformalization with Large Language Models - IPAM at UCLA
Recorded 15 February 2023. Tony Wu of Google presents "Autoformalization with Large Language Models" at IPAM's Machine Assisted Proofs Workshop. Abstract: Autoformalization is the process of automatically translating from natural language mathematics to formal specifications and proofs. A
From playlist 2023 Machine Assisted Proofs Workshop
Heather Macbeth - Algorithm and abstraction in formal mathematics - IPAM at UCLA
Recorded 17 February 2023. Heather Macbeth of Fordham University at Lincoln Center presents "Algorithm and abstraction in formal mathematics" at IPAM's Machine Assisted Proofs Workshop. Abstract: Paradoxically, the formalized version of a proof is often both more abstract and more computat
From playlist 2023 Machine Assisted Proofs Workshop
3 - Kick-off afternoon : Thomas Hales, Formalizing the proof of the Kepler Conjecture
Thomas Hales (University of Pittsburgh): Formalizing the proof of the Kepler Conjecture
From playlist T2-2014 : Semantics of proofs and certified mathematics
First Author Interview: AI & formal math (Formal Mathematics Statement Curriculum Learning)
#openai #math #imo This is an interview with Stanislas Polu, research engineer at OpenAI and first author of the paper "Formal Mathematics Statement Curriculum Learning". Watch the paper review here: https://youtu.be/lvYVuOmUVs8 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Intro 2:00 - How do you explain the big pub
From playlist Applications of ML
Foundations of Mathematics and Homotopy Theory - Vladimir Voevodsky
Vladimir Voevodsky Institute for Advanced Study March 22, 2006 More videos on http://video.ias.edu
From playlist Mathematics
What if Current Foundations of Mathematics are Inconsistent? | Vladimir Voevodsky
Vladimir Voevodsky, Professor, School of Mathematics, Institute for Advanced Study http://www.ias.edu/people/faculty-and-emeriti/voevodsky In this lecture, Professor Vladimir Voevodsky begins with Gödel's second incompleteness theorem to discuss the possibility that the formal theory of f
From playlist Mathematics
Micaela Mayero - Overview of real numbers in theorem provers: application with real analysis in Coq
Recorded 15 February 2023. Micaela Mayero of the Galilee Institute - Paris Nord University presents "An overview of the real numbers in theorem provers: an application with real analysis in Coq" at IPAM's Machine Assisted Proofs Workshop. Abstract: Formalizing real numbers in a formal proo
From playlist 2023 Machine Assisted Proofs Workshop
Proof: What is it, and how does it work?
From playlist The Nature of Proof