WiFi Technology

  1. Fundamentals of Radio Frequency (RF)
    1. Properties of Radio Waves
      1. Frequency
        1. Definition and Units
          1. Frequency Ranges Used in WiFi
            1. Relationship to Data Rates
            2. Wavelength
              1. Relationship to Frequency
                1. Impact on Propagation
                  1. Antenna Design Implications
                  2. Amplitude
                    1. Signal Strength Representation
                      1. Effects on Communication Range
                        1. Power Measurement
                        2. Phase
                          1. Phase Shifts
                            1. Relevance in Modulation
                              1. Phase Relationships
                            2. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                              1. Overview of Spectrum Bands
                                1. Radio Spectrum Allocation
                                  1. International Coordination
                                  2. Regulatory Considerations
                                    1. FCC Regulations
                                      1. International Standards
                                        1. Regional Variations
                                        2. Unlicensed vs Licensed Bands
                                          1. ISM Bands
                                            1. UNII Bands
                                              1. Licensing Requirements
                                            2. WiFi Frequency Bands
                                              1. 2.4 GHz Band
                                                1. Channel Allocation
                                                  1. Channel Overlap
                                                    1. Advantages and Limitations
                                                      1. Interference Sources
                                                      2. 5 GHz Band
                                                        1. Channel Allocation
                                                          1. UNII Band Structure
                                                            1. DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) Channels
                                                              1. Advantages and Limitations
                                                              2. 6 GHz Band
                                                                1. Introduction and Availability
                                                                  1. Channel Allocation
                                                                    1. Benefits for WiFi 6E and Beyond
                                                                      1. Regulatory Status
                                                                    2. RF Behaviors and Characteristics
                                                                      1. Reflection
                                                                        1. Causes and Effects
                                                                          1. Multipath Propagation
                                                                            1. Impact on Signal Quality
                                                                            2. Refraction
                                                                              1. Occurrence in Different Materials
                                                                                1. Atmospheric Effects
                                                                                  1. Effects on Coverage
                                                                                  2. Diffraction
                                                                                    1. Bending Around Obstacles
                                                                                      1. Fresnel Zones
                                                                                        1. Implications for Coverage
                                                                                        2. Scattering
                                                                                          1. Rayleigh Scattering
                                                                                            1. Mie Scattering
                                                                                              1. Impact on Signal Strength
                                                                                              2. Absorption
                                                                                                1. Materials that Absorb RF
                                                                                                  1. Water Vapor Effects
                                                                                                    1. Effects on Signal Loss
                                                                                                    2. Attenuation
                                                                                                      1. Free Space Path Loss
                                                                                                        1. Distance Effects
                                                                                                          1. Obstacle Attenuation
                                                                                                        2. Signal Measurement
                                                                                                          1. Decibels (dB)
                                                                                                            1. Logarithmic Scale Principles
                                                                                                              1. Relative Power Measurement
                                                                                                                1. dB Calculations
                                                                                                                2. Decibels relative to one milliwatt (dBm)
                                                                                                                  1. Absolute Power Measurement
                                                                                                                    1. Typical dBm Values in WiFi
                                                                                                                      1. Conversion Between Units
                                                                                                                      2. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
                                                                                                                        1. Definition and Importance
                                                                                                                          1. SNR Thresholds for WiFi
                                                                                                                            1. Impact on Data Rates
                                                                                                                            2. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)
                                                                                                                              1. Interpretation of RSSI Values
                                                                                                                                1. Vendor-Specific Implementations
                                                                                                                                  1. Use in Site Surveys and Troubleshooting

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                                                                                                                              1. Introduction to Wireless Networking

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                                                                                                                              3. The IEEE 802.11 Standards