WebSockets

WebSockets is an advanced communication protocol that provides a full-duplex, persistent communication channel over a single TCP connection between a client (like a web browser) and a server. Unlike the traditional request-response model of HTTP, once a WebSocket connection is established, it stays open, allowing both the client and server to send data to each other at any time without needing to initiate a new request. This bidirectional, real-time data flow is crucial for developing highly interactive and responsive web applications, such as live chat systems, online multiplayer games, and real-time financial data feeds.

1. Introduction to Real-Time Web Communication
   1. The Traditional HTTP Request-Response Model
      1. Overview of HTTP Protocol
      2. Statelessness of HTTP
      3. Request-Response Lifecycle
      4. Limitations for Interactive Applications
         1. Latency Issues
         2. Inefficiency for Frequent Updates
         3. Lack of Server-Initiated Communication
   2. Techniques for Simulating Real-Time Communication
      1. Short Polling
         1. Mechanism of Short Polling
         2. Advantages and Disadvantages
      2. Long Polling
         1. Mechanism of Long Polling
         2. Advantages and Disadvantages
      3. Server-Sent Events (SSE)
         1. Overview of SSE
         2. Use Cases and Limitations
   3. The Need for a Persistent, Bidirectional Protocol
      1. Requirements for Modern Web Applications
      2. Use Cases Demanding Real-Time Interaction
      3. Benefits of Persistent Connections