VoIP Security and Hacking

  1. The VoIP Threat Landscape
    1. Identifying the Attack Surface
      1. Network Infrastructure
        1. Routers and Switches
          1. Wireless Access Points
            1. Network Monitoring Points
              1. DHCP and DNS Servers
              2. VoIP Servers and Services
                1. PBX and SBC Exposure
                  1. Voicemail and IVR Systems
                    1. Conference Servers
                      1. Provisioning Servers
                      2. Endpoint Devices
                        1. IP Phones
                          1. Softphones
                            1. ATAs
                              1. Mobile VoIP Applications
                              2. Signaling and Media Streams
                                1. SIP and H.323 Traffic
                                  1. RTP and RTCP Streams
                                    1. Control Protocol Traffic
                                    2. Web Management Interfaces
                                      1. Administrative Portals
                                        1. Remote Access Points
                                          1. API Endpoints
                                        2. Common VoIP Vulnerabilities
                                          1. Weak Authentication and Credentials
                                            1. Default Passwords
                                              1. Poor Password Policies
                                                1. Weak Digest Authentication
                                                  1. Missing Authentication
                                                  2. Unencrypted Communication Channels
                                                    1. Plaintext SIP Signaling
                                                      1. Unprotected RTP Streams
                                                        1. Unencrypted Management Traffic
                                                        2. Protocol Implementation Flaws
                                                          1. Incomplete RFC Compliance
                                                            1. Parsing Errors
                                                              1. Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities
                                                                1. State Machine Errors
                                                                2. Misconfigured Services and Devices
                                                                  1. Open Management Interfaces
                                                                    1. Insecure Default Settings
                                                                      1. Unnecessary Services Enabled
                                                                        1. Improper Access Controls
                                                                        2. Software Vulnerabilities
                                                                          1. Buffer Overflows
                                                                            1. Code Injection
                                                                              1. Outdated Software Components
                                                                                1. Memory Corruption Issues
                                                                                2. Network-Level Vulnerabilities
                                                                                  1. Unsecured Network Protocols
                                                                                    1. Weak Network Segmentation
                                                                                      1. Missing Intrusion Detection
                                                                                    2. Threat Actor Motivations
                                                                                      1. Financial Gain
                                                                                        1. Toll Fraud
                                                                                          1. Premium Rate Number Abuse
                                                                                            1. Cryptocurrency Mining
                                                                                            2. Espionage
                                                                                              1. Eavesdropping on Calls
                                                                                                1. Data Exfiltration
                                                                                                  1. Corporate Intelligence
                                                                                                  2. Disruption of Service
                                                                                                    1. Denial of Service (DoS)
                                                                                                      1. Service Degradation
                                                                                                        1. Business Disruption
                                                                                                        2. Information Gathering
                                                                                                          1. Reconnaissance Activities
                                                                                                            1. User Enumeration
                                                                                                              1. Network Mapping
                                                                                                              2. Reputation Damage
                                                                                                                1. Service Abuse
                                                                                                                  1. Spam and Harassment

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                                                                                                              2. VoIP Architecture and Components

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                                                                                                              4. VoIP Reconnaissance and Enumeration