Visual Perception and Neuroscience

  1. Retinal Structure and Function
    1. Retinal Anatomy
      1. Cellular Layers
        1. Photoreceptor Layer
          1. Outer Nuclear Layer
            1. Outer Plexiform Layer
              1. Inner Nuclear Layer
                1. Inner Plexiform Layer
                  1. Ganglion Cell Layer
                    1. Nerve Fiber Layer
                    2. Cell Types
                      1. Photoreceptors
                        1. Rods
                          1. Cones
                          2. Bipolar Cells
                            1. ON-Bipolar Cells
                              1. OFF-Bipolar Cells
                              2. Horizontal Cells
                                1. Amacrine Cells
                                  1. Ganglion Cells
                                    1. Müller Cells
                                    2. Retinal Pigment Epithelium
                                      1. Photopigment Recycling
                                        1. Metabolic Support
                                          1. Light Absorption
                                        2. Phototransduction
                                          1. Photoreceptor Structure
                                            1. Outer Segments
                                              1. Inner Segments
                                                1. Synaptic Terminals
                                                2. Rod Vision
                                                  1. Rhodopsin Structure
                                                    1. Scotopic Sensitivity
                                                      1. Spatial Distribution
                                                        1. Temporal Response
                                                        2. Cone Vision
                                                          1. Photopsin Types
                                                            1. S-Cones
                                                              1. M-Cones
                                                                1. L-Cones
                                                                2. Photopic Function
                                                                  1. Foveal Concentration
                                                                    1. Color Coding
                                                                    2. Phototransduction Cascade
                                                                      1. Light Absorption
                                                                        1. G-Protein Activation
                                                                          1. Phosphodiesterase Activity
                                                                            1. cGMP Reduction
                                                                              1. Channel Closure
                                                                                1. Hyperpolarization
                                                                                2. Adaptation Mechanisms
                                                                                  1. Dark Adaptation
                                                                                    1. Light Adaptation
                                                                                      1. Photopigment Regeneration
                                                                                        1. Neural Adaptation
                                                                                      2. Retinal Processing
                                                                                        1. Receptive Field Organization
                                                                                          1. Center-Surround Structure
                                                                                            1. ON-Center Cells
                                                                                              1. OFF-Center Cells
                                                                                              2. Lateral Inhibition
                                                                                                1. Horizontal Cell Function
                                                                                                  1. Contrast Enhancement
                                                                                                    1. Edge Detection
                                                                                                    2. Ganglion Cell Types
                                                                                                      1. Midget Cells
                                                                                                        1. Parasol Cells
                                                                                                          1. Bistratified Cells
                                                                                                            1. Photosensitive Ganglion Cells
                                                                                                            2. Parallel Processing Streams
                                                                                                              1. Parvocellular Pathway
                                                                                                                1. Magnocellular Pathway
                                                                                                                  1. Koniocellular Pathway

                                                                                                              Previous

                                                                                                              1. Foundations of Visual Perception

                                                                                                              Go to top

                                                                                                              Next

                                                                                                              3. Central Visual Pathways