Urban Planning and Studies

Core Components of Urban Planning

3.1.

Land Use Planning

3.1.1.

Comprehensive Planning

3.1.1.1.

Plan Elements

3.1.1.1.1.

Land Use Element

3.1.1.1.2.

Transportation Element

3.1.1.1.3.

Housing Element

3.1.1.1.4.

Economic Development Element

3.1.1.1.5.

Environmental Element

3.1.1.1.6.

Public Facilities Element

3.1.1.1.7.

Implementation Element

3.1.1.2.

Plan Preparation Process

3.1.1.2.1.

Community Engagement

3.1.1.2.2.

Data Collection and Analysis

3.1.1.2.3.

Goal Setting

3.1.1.2.4.

Alternative Development

3.1.1.2.5.

Plan Adoption

3.1.1.3.

Plan Implementation

3.1.1.3.1.

Zoning Consistency

3.1.1.3.2.

Capital Improvement Programming

3.1.1.3.3.

Development Review

3.1.1.3.4.

Plan Monitoring

3.1.2.

Zoning and Land Use Regulation

3.1.2.1.

3.1.2.1.1.

3.1.2.1.2.

3.1.2.1.3.

3.1.2.1.4.

3.1.2.1.5.

3.1.2.1.6.

3.1.2.1.7.

3.1.2.2.

Alternative Zoning Approaches

3.1.2.2.1.

Performance Zoning

3.1.2.2.2.

Form-Based Codes

3.1.2.2.3.

Planned Unit Development

3.1.2.2.4.

Overlay Districts

3.1.2.2.5.

Transfer of Development Rights

3.1.2.2.6.

Incentive Zoning

3.1.2.3.

Zoning Administration

3.1.2.3.1.

Zoning Ordinance Structure

3.1.2.3.2.

Development Standards

3.1.2.3.3.

Nonconforming Uses

3.1.2.3.4.

Appeals Process

3.1.3.

Subdivision Regulation

3.1.3.1.

3.1.3.1.1.

3.1.3.1.2.

3.1.3.1.3.

3.1.3.2.

3.1.3.2.1.

3.1.3.2.2.

3.1.3.2.3.

Open Space Requirements

3.1.3.2.4.

Infrastructure Standards

3.1.3.3.

Exactions and Impact Fees

3.1.4.

Growth Management

3.1.4.1.

Growth Management Strategies

3.1.4.1.1.

Urban Growth Boundaries

3.1.4.1.2.

Urban Service Areas

3.1.4.1.3.

Adequate Public Facilities Ordinances

3.1.4.1.4.

Rate of Growth Controls

3.1.4.2.

Smart Growth Principles

3.1.4.2.1.

Compact Development

3.1.4.2.2.

Mixed-Use Development

3.1.4.2.3.

Transit-Oriented Development

3.1.4.2.4.

Infill Development

3.2.

Transportation Planning

3.2.1.

Transportation Systems

3.2.1.1.

Roadway Networks

3.2.1.1.1.

Functional Classification

3.2.1.1.2.

3.2.1.1.3.

3.2.1.1.4.

3.2.1.1.5.

3.2.1.2.

Public Transit Systems

3.2.1.2.1.

3.2.1.2.2.

3.2.1.2.3.

3.2.1.2.4.

3.2.1.2.5.

3.2.1.2.6.

3.2.1.3.

Active Transportation

3.2.1.3.1.

Pedestrian Infrastructure

3.2.1.3.2.

Bicycle Networks

3.2.1.3.3.

Complete Streets

3.2.1.3.4.

Safe Routes to School

3.2.2.

Transportation Planning Process

3.2.2.1.

Metropolitan Transportation Planning

3.2.2.1.1.

Long-Range Transportation Plans

3.2.2.1.2.

Transportation Improvement Programs

3.2.2.1.3.

Congestion Management Process

3.2.2.1.4.

Air Quality Conformity

3.2.2.2.

Travel Demand Modeling

3.2.2.2.1.

3.2.2.2.2.

3.2.2.2.3.

3.2.2.2.4.

3.2.2.2.5.

3.2.2.3.

Transportation Impact Analysis

3.2.2.3.1.

Traffic Impact Studies

3.2.2.3.2.

Mitigation Measures

3.2.2.3.3.

Level of Service Analysis

3.2.3.

Transportation Demand Management

3.2.3.1.

TDM Strategies

3.2.3.1.1.

Carpooling and Vanpooling

3.2.3.1.2.

Flexible Work Arrangements

3.2.3.1.3.

Congestion Pricing

3.2.3.1.4.

Parking Management

3.2.3.2.

Program Implementation

3.2.3.2.1.

Employer-Based Programs

3.2.3.2.2.

Area-Wide Programs

3.2.3.2.3.

Evaluation Methods

3.2.4.

Transit-Oriented Development

3.2.4.1.

TOD Principles

3.2.4.1.1.

Density and Design

3.2.4.1.2.

Mixed-Use Development

3.2.4.1.3.

Pedestrian Orientation

3.2.4.1.4.

Reduced Parking

3.2.4.2.

Implementation Strategies

3.2.4.2.1.

Zoning Modifications

3.2.4.2.2.

Public-Private Partnerships

3.2.4.2.3.

Value Capture Mechanisms

3.2.5.

Transportation Equity

3.2.5.1.

Environmental Justice in Transportation

3.2.5.2.

Transit Accessibility

3.2.5.3.

Complete Streets Implementation

3.2.5.4.

Universal Design Principles

3.3.

Housing and Community Development

3.3.1.

Housing Policy and Programs

3.3.1.1.

Housing Needs Assessment

3.3.1.1.1.

Demographic Analysis

3.3.1.1.2.

Housing Market Analysis

3.3.1.1.3.

Affordability Analysis

3.3.1.1.4.

Special Needs Populations

3.3.1.2.

Affordable Housing Strategies

3.3.1.2.1.

Inclusionary Zoning

3.3.1.2.2.

Housing Trust Funds

3.3.1.2.3.

Tax Credit Programs

3.3.1.2.4.

Community Land Trusts

3.3.1.2.5.

Accessory Dwelling Units

3.3.1.3.

Housing Rehabilitation and Preservation

3.3.1.3.1.

Housing Code Enforcement

3.3.1.3.2.

Rehabilitation Programs

3.3.1.3.3.

Preservation of Affordable Housing

3.3.1.4.

Homelessness Prevention and Response

3.3.1.4.1.

Continuum of Care

3.3.1.4.2.

Housing First Approach

3.3.1.4.3.

Supportive Services

3.3.1.4.4.

Emergency Shelter Planning

3.3.2.

Neighborhood Development

3.3.2.1.

Neighborhood Planning

3.3.2.1.1.

Area Plans

3.3.2.1.2.

Neighborhood Visioning

3.3.2.1.3.

Community Asset Mapping

3.3.2.1.4.

Resident Engagement

3.3.2.2.

Revitalization Strategies

3.3.2.2.1.

Community Development Block Grants

3.3.2.2.2.

New Markets Tax Credits

3.3.2.2.3.

Opportunity Zones

3.3.2.2.4.

Main Street Programs

3.3.2.3.

Anti-Displacement Strategies

3.3.2.3.1.

Tenant Protection Policies

3.3.2.3.2.

Community Benefit Agreements

3.3.2.3.3.

Equitable Development

3.3.3.

Community Facilities Planning

3.3.3.1.

Schools and Educational Facilities

3.3.3.2.

Parks and Recreation Facilities

3.3.3.3.

Libraries and Cultural Facilities

3.3.3.4.

Health Care Facilities

3.3.3.5.

Social Service Facilities

3.3.3.6.

Public Safety Facilities

3.4.

Environmental and Sustainability Planning

3.4.1.

Environmental Assessment and Protection

3.4.1.1.

Environmental Impact Assessment

3.4.1.1.1.

NEPA Process

3.4.1.1.2.

State Environmental Review

3.4.1.1.3.

Scoping and Analysis

3.4.1.1.4.

Mitigation Measures

3.4.1.1.5.

Monitoring and Compliance

3.4.1.2.

Natural Resource Protection

3.4.1.2.1.

Wetlands Protection

3.4.1.2.2.

Floodplain Management

3.4.1.2.3.

Habitat Conservation

3.4.1.2.4.

Groundwater Protection

3.4.1.2.5.

Soil Conservation

3.4.1.3.

Air Quality Planning

3.4.1.3.1.

Clean Air Act Requirements

3.4.1.3.2.

State Implementation Plans

3.4.1.3.3.

Transportation Conformity

3.4.1.3.4.

Emission Reduction Strategies

3.4.1.4.

Water Quality Protection

3.4.1.4.1.

Clean Water Act Compliance

3.4.1.4.2.

Stormwater Management

3.4.1.4.3.

Nonpoint Source Pollution

3.4.1.4.4.

Watershed Planning

3.4.2.

Sustainability Planning

3.4.2.1.

Sustainable Development Principles

3.4.2.1.1.

Triple Bottom Line

3.4.2.1.2.

Intergenerational Equity

3.4.2.1.3.

Carrying Capacity

3.4.2.1.4.

Ecological Footprint

3.4.2.2.

Green Infrastructure

3.4.2.2.1.

Low Impact Development

3.4.2.2.2.

Green Streets

3.4.2.2.3.

Urban Forestry

3.4.2.2.4.

Green Building Standards

3.4.2.3.

Energy Planning

3.4.2.3.1.

Energy Efficiency

3.4.2.3.2.

Renewable Energy

3.4.2.3.3.

District Energy Systems

3.4.2.3.4.

Energy Conservation

3.4.3.

Climate Change Planning

3.4.3.1.

Climate Mitigation

3.4.3.1.1.

Greenhouse Gas Inventories

3.4.3.1.2.

Emission Reduction Targets

3.4.3.1.3.

Carbon Sequestration

3.4.3.1.4.

Renewable Energy Transition

3.4.3.2.

Climate Adaptation

3.4.3.2.1.

Vulnerability Assessment

3.4.3.2.2.

Adaptation Strategies

3.4.3.2.3.

Resilience Planning

3.4.3.2.4.

Sea Level Rise Planning

3.4.3.3.

Climate Action Plans

3.4.3.3.1.

Plan Development Process

3.4.3.3.2.

Implementation Strategies

3.4.3.3.3.

Monitoring and Reporting

3.4.4.

Waste Management Planning

3.4.4.1.

Solid Waste Management

3.4.4.1.1.

3.4.4.1.2.

3.4.4.1.3.

3.4.4.1.4.

3.4.4.2.

Hazardous Waste Management

3.4.4.3.

Construction and Demolition Waste

3.4.4.4.

Circular Economy Principles

3.5.

Urban Design

3.5.1.

Urban Design Principles

3.5.1.1.

Physical Design Elements

3.5.1.1.1.

Scale and Proportion

3.5.1.1.2.

Enclosure and Definition

3.5.1.1.3.

Permeability and Connectivity

3.5.1.1.4.

Legibility and Wayfinding

3.5.1.2.

Sense of Place

3.5.1.2.1.

Cultural Identity

3.5.1.2.2.

Historic Character

3.5.1.2.3.

Landmarks and Focal Points

3.5.1.2.4.

Genius Loci

3.5.1.3.

Human-Centered Design

3.5.1.3.1.

Pedestrian Scale

3.5.1.3.2.

Universal Accessibility

3.5.1.3.3.

Safety and Security

3.5.1.3.4.

Comfort and Convenience

3.5.2.

Public Space Design

3.5.2.1.

Streets and Streetscapes

3.5.2.1.1.

Complete Streets Design

3.5.2.1.2.

Street Furniture

3.5.2.1.3.

Lighting Design

3.5.2.1.4.

Landscape Design

3.5.2.2.

Parks and Open Spaces

3.5.2.2.1.

Neighborhood Parks

3.5.2.2.2.

Community Parks

3.5.2.2.3.

Linear Parks and Greenways

3.5.2.2.4.

3.5.2.3.

3.5.2.3.1.

3.5.2.3.2.

3.5.2.3.3.

Residential Courtyards

3.5.3.

Site Planning and Design

3.5.3.1.

3.5.3.1.1.

3.5.3.1.2.

3.5.3.1.3.

3.5.3.1.4.

3.5.3.2.

3.5.3.2.1.

3.5.3.2.2.

3.5.3.2.3.

3.5.3.2.4.

3.5.3.3.

Sustainable Site Design

3.5.3.3.1.

Site Selection

3.5.3.3.2.

Site Preparation

3.5.3.3.3.

Stormwater Management

3.5.3.3.4.

Native Landscaping

3.5.4.

Placemaking

3.5.4.1.

Placemaking Principles

3.5.4.1.1.

Community-Driven Process

3.5.4.1.2.

Multi-Use Programming

3.5.4.1.3.

Flexible Design

3.5.4.1.4.

Local Identity

3.5.4.2.

Tactical Urbanism

3.5.4.2.1.

Temporary Interventions

3.5.4.2.2.

Pop-Up Activities

3.5.4.2.3.

Pilot Projects

3.5.4.2.4.

Community Testing

3.5.4.3.

Public Art and Cultural Programming

3.5.4.3.1.

Art Integration

3.5.4.3.2.

Cultural Events

3.5.4.3.3.

Community Celebrations

3.5.4.3.4.

Wayfinding and Interpretation

2. The Planning Process and Methods

Go to top

4. Contemporary Issues and Specializations