UML and Object-Oriented Design

UML (Unified Modeling Language) and Object-Oriented Design (OOD) are foundational pillars for architecting modern software, where OOD provides the paradigm for structuring a system as a collection of interacting objects, and UML offers the standardized visual language to model it. By using a rich set of diagrams—such as class diagrams to define the static structure of objects and their relationships, and sequence diagrams to illustrate their dynamic behavior—developers can create a clear, comprehensive blueprint of a system's architecture. This process of visual modeling is crucial for analyzing requirements, facilitating communication among team members, and refining the design before implementation, ultimately leading to more robust, scalable, and maintainable software.

  1. Foundations of Object-Oriented Thinking
    1. Evolution of Programming Paradigms
      1. Procedural Programming Overview
        1. Limitations of Procedural Approaches
          1. Transition to Object-Oriented Paradigms
            1. Benefits of Object-Oriented Approach
            2. Core Concepts of Object-Orientation
              1. Objects and Identity
                1. Definition of an Object
                  1. Object Identity vs. Equality
                    1. Object State and Behavior
                      1. Object Lifecycle
                      2. Classes as Blueprints
                        1. Class Definition
                          1. Instantiation of Objects
                            1. Class vs. Object Distinction
                              1. Class Members
                              2. Abstraction
                                1. Abstracting Real-World Entities
                                  1. Abstract Classes
                                    1. Interfaces
                                      1. Benefits of Abstraction
                                        1. Levels of Abstraction
                                        2. Encapsulation
                                          1. Concept of Encapsulation
                                            1. Data Hiding
                                              1. Private Members
                                                1. Protected Members
                                                  1. Package-Private Members
                                                    1. Information Hiding Rationale
                                                    2. Public Interfaces
                                                      1. Accessor Methods
                                                        1. Mutator Methods
                                                          1. Interface vs. Implementation
                                                          2. Benefits of Encapsulation
                                                          3. Inheritance
                                                            1. Purpose of Inheritance
                                                              1. Superclasses and Subclasses
                                                                1. Inheriting Attributes and Methods
                                                                  1. Overriding Methods
                                                                    1. Extending Behavior
                                                                    2. "Is-A" Relationship
                                                                      1. Substitutability
                                                                        1. Inheritance Hierarchies
                                                                        2. Inheritance vs. Composition
                                                                          1. Multiple Inheritance Concepts
                                                                          2. Polymorphism
                                                                            1. Concept of Polymorphism
                                                                              1. Method Overriding
                                                                                1. Redefining Methods in Subclasses
                                                                                  1. Use of Super References
                                                                                  2. Method Overloading
                                                                                    1. Dynamic Binding
                                                                                      1. Late Binding of Methods
                                                                                        1. Virtual Method Tables
                                                                                          1. Benefits of Dynamic Dispatch
                                                                                          2. Parametric Polymorphism
                                                                                        2. Key Relationships Between Objects
                                                                                          1. Association
                                                                                            1. Definition and Examples
                                                                                              1. Bidirectional vs. Unidirectional Association
                                                                                                1. Association Classes
                                                                                                2. Aggregation
                                                                                                  1. Shared Ownership Concept
                                                                                                    1. Whole-Part Relationships
                                                                                                      1. Weak Aggregation
                                                                                                      2. Composition
                                                                                                        1. Strong Ownership and Lifecycle Dependency
                                                                                                          1. Nested Object Structures
                                                                                                            1. Strong Aggregation
                                                                                                            2. Dependency
                                                                                                              1. Usage Dependencies
                                                                                                                1. Temporal Dependencies