Tropical Ecology

  1. Ecological Processes and Interactions
    1. Energy Flow and Primary Production
      1. Photosynthetic Pathways
        1. C3 Photosynthesis
          1. C4 Photosynthesis
            1. CAM Photosynthesis
              1. Pathway Distribution Patterns
              2. Light Environment and Photosynthesis
                1. Canopy Light Interception
                  1. Understory Light Limitation
                    1. Photosynthetic Light Response
                      1. Shade Adaptations
                      2. Primary Productivity Patterns
                        1. Gross Primary Production
                          1. Net Primary Production
                            1. Productivity Limiting Factors
                              1. Seasonal Productivity Cycles
                              2. Secondary Production
                                1. Herbivore Production
                                  1. Carnivore Production
                                    1. Decomposer Production
                                      1. Trophic Efficiency
                                    2. Nutrient Cycling and Biogeochemistry
                                      1. Nutrient Pools and Fluxes
                                        1. Above-Ground Biomass
                                          1. Below-Ground Biomass
                                            1. Soil Organic Matter
                                              1. Litter Layer Dynamics
                                              2. Decomposition Processes
                                                1. Litter Quality Effects
                                                  1. Decomposer Communities
                                                    1. Environmental Controls
                                                      1. Decomposition Rates
                                                      2. Nitrogen Cycling
                                                        1. Nitrogen Fixation
                                                          1. Nitrification and Denitrification
                                                            1. Nitrogen Mineralization
                                                              1. Plant Nitrogen Uptake
                                                              2. Phosphorus Cycling
                                                                1. Phosphorus Availability
                                                                  1. Mycorrhizal Associations
                                                                    1. Phosphorus Limitation
                                                                      1. Weathering and Leaching
                                                                      2. Carbon Cycling
                                                                        1. Carbon Storage
                                                                          1. Carbon Fluxes
                                                                            1. Soil Carbon Dynamics
                                                                              1. Methane Production
                                                                              2. Nutrient Conservation Strategies
                                                                                1. Mycorrhizal Networks
                                                                                  1. Direct Nutrient Uptake
                                                                                    1. Nutrient Resorption
                                                                                      1. Epiphyll Communities
                                                                                    2. Plant-Animal Interactions
                                                                                      1. Pollination Systems
                                                                                        1. Pollinator Diversity
                                                                                          1. Pollination Syndromes
                                                                                            1. Specialized Pollination
                                                                                              1. Pollination Networks
                                                                                              2. Seed Dispersal Mechanisms
                                                                                                1. Animal Dispersal
                                                                                                  1. Frugivory
                                                                                                    1. Endozoochory
                                                                                                      1. Epizoochory
                                                                                                      2. Wind Dispersal
                                                                                                        1. Water Dispersal
                                                                                                          1. Explosive Dispersal
                                                                                                          2. Herbivory and Plant Defense
                                                                                                            1. Herbivore Pressure
                                                                                                              1. Physical Defenses
                                                                                                                1. Chemical Defenses
                                                                                                                  1. Induced Defenses
                                                                                                                    1. Tolerance Strategies
                                                                                                                    2. Ant-Plant Mutualisms
                                                                                                                      1. Protective Mutualisms
                                                                                                                        1. Nutritional Rewards
                                                                                                                          1. Nesting Sites
                                                                                                                            1. Coevolutionary Relationships
                                                                                                                          2. Community Structure and Dynamics
                                                                                                                            1. Species Interactions
                                                                                                                              1. Competition
                                                                                                                                1. Interspecific Competition
                                                                                                                                  1. Resource Competition
                                                                                                                                    1. Interference Competition
                                                                                                                                    2. Predation
                                                                                                                                      1. Predator-Prey Dynamics
                                                                                                                                        1. Top-Down Control
                                                                                                                                          1. Predation Pressure
                                                                                                                                          2. Mutualism
                                                                                                                                            1. Obligate Mutualisms
                                                                                                                                              1. Facultative Mutualisms
                                                                                                                                                1. Mutualistic Networks
                                                                                                                                                2. Commensalism and Amensalism
                                                                                                                                                3. Niche Theory and Partitioning
                                                                                                                                                  1. Fundamental vs. Realized Niches
                                                                                                                                                    1. Resource Partitioning
                                                                                                                                                      1. Spatial Niche Separation
                                                                                                                                                        1. Temporal Niche Separation
                                                                                                                                                        2. Community Assembly
                                                                                                                                                          1. Colonization Processes
                                                                                                                                                            1. Priority Effects
                                                                                                                                                              1. Environmental Filtering
                                                                                                                                                                1. Biotic Interactions
                                                                                                                                                                2. Food Web Structure
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Trophic Levels
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Food Chain Length
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Omnivory
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Keystone Species
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Disturbance Ecology and Succession
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Natural Disturbance Regimes
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Gap Dynamics
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Treefall Gaps
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Gap Size Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Gap Regeneration
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Large-Scale Disturbances
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Hurricanes and Cyclones
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Droughts
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Floods
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Landslides
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Fire Regimes
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Fire Frequency
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Fire Intensity
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Fire Seasonality
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Fire-Adapted Communities
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Succession Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Primary Succession
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Secondary Succession
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Succession Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Climax Concepts
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Pioneer Species Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Rapid Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. High Reproductive Output
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Dispersal Abilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Resource Acquisition
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Late Successional Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Competitive Ability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Stress Tolerance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Resource Conservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Longevity

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Biodiversity Patterns and Processes

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                  5. Human Impacts on Tropical Ecosystems