Transportation Planning

  1. Transportation Demand Forecasting and Modeling
    1. The Four-Step Travel Demand Model
      1. Step 1: Trip Generation
        1. Trip Production
          1. Factors Influencing Trip Production
            1. Household Characteristics
              1. Land Use Patterns
                1. Economic Factors
                2. Trip Production Rates
                  1. Temporal Variations
                  2. Trip Attraction
                    1. Land Use and Activity Centers
                      1. Employment Centers
                        1. Commercial Areas
                          1. Institutional Uses
                          2. Attraction Rates by Land Use Type
                          3. Cross-Classification Analysis
                            1. Application and Limitations
                              1. Household Categories
                                1. Trip Purpose Stratification
                                2. Regression Analysis
                                  1. Model Specification
                                    1. Linear Models
                                      1. Non-Linear Models
                                      2. Variable Selection
                                        1. Model Validation
                                      3. Step 2: Trip Distribution
                                        1. Gravity Model
                                          1. Model Calibration
                                            1. Friction Factor Calibration
                                              1. Iterative Proportional Fitting
                                              2. Friction Factors
                                                1. Distance-Based Functions
                                                  1. Time-Based Functions
                                                    1. Cost-Based Functions
                                                  2. Growth Factor Models
                                                    1. Fratar Method
                                                      1. Uniform Growth Factors
                                                        1. Differential Growth
                                                        2. Limitations
                                                          1. Assumption Violations
                                                            1. Data Requirements
                                                          2. Intervening Opportunities Model
                                                            1. Model Structure
                                                              1. Parameter Estimation
                                                            2. Step 3: Mode Choice (Modal Split)
                                                              1. Logit Models
                                                                1. Binary and Multinomial Logit
                                                                  1. Model Structure
                                                                    1. Utility Functions
                                                                    2. Model Estimation
                                                                      1. Maximum Likelihood Estimation
                                                                        1. Parameter Interpretation
                                                                        2. Nested Logit Models
                                                                          1. Hierarchical Choice Structure
                                                                            1. Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives
                                                                          2. Factors Influencing Mode Choice
                                                                            1. Travel Time and Cost
                                                                              1. In-Vehicle Time
                                                                                1. Out-of-Vehicle Time
                                                                                  1. Monetary Costs
                                                                                  2. Socio-demographic Factors
                                                                                    1. Income
                                                                                      1. Age
                                                                                        1. Vehicle Ownership
                                                                                        2. Service Attributes
                                                                                          1. Frequency
                                                                                            1. Reliability
                                                                                              1. Comfort
                                                                                          2. Step 4: Trip Assignment (Network Assignment)
                                                                                            1. All-or-Nothing Assignment
                                                                                              1. Assumptions and Applications
                                                                                                1. Shortest Path Algorithms
                                                                                                2. Capacity-Restrained Assignment
                                                                                                  1. Iterative Assignment Methods
                                                                                                    1. Method of Successive Averages
                                                                                                      1. Frank-Wolfe Algorithm
                                                                                                      2. Volume-Delay Functions
                                                                                                        1. Bureau of Public Roads Function
                                                                                                          1. Conical Functions
                                                                                                        2. User Equilibrium
                                                                                                          1. Wardrop's Principles
                                                                                                            1. First Principle (User Equilibrium)
                                                                                                              1. Second Principle (System Optimum)
                                                                                                              2. Convergence Criteria
                                                                                                              3. System Optimum
                                                                                                                1. Network Optimization
                                                                                                                  1. Marginal Cost Pricing
                                                                                                                  2. Stochastic Assignment
                                                                                                                    1. Logit-Based Assignment
                                                                                                                      1. Path Choice Modeling
                                                                                                                  3. Advanced Modeling Approaches
                                                                                                                    1. Activity-Based Models (ABM)
                                                                                                                      1. Principles of Activity-Based Modeling
                                                                                                                        1. Activity Patterns
                                                                                                                          1. Time-Space Constraints
                                                                                                                            1. Household Interactions
                                                                                                                            2. Data Requirements
                                                                                                                              1. Activity Diaries
                                                                                                                                1. Time Use Surveys
                                                                                                                                2. Model Components
                                                                                                                                  1. Activity Generation
                                                                                                                                    1. Activity Scheduling
                                                                                                                                      1. Tour Formation
                                                                                                                                    2. Tour-Based Models
                                                                                                                                      1. Differences from Trip-Based Models
                                                                                                                                        1. Tour Structure
                                                                                                                                          1. Consistency Constraints
                                                                                                                                          2. Primary and Secondary Tours
                                                                                                                                            1. Stop Generation and Location
                                                                                                                                            2. Integrated Land Use-Transport Models
                                                                                                                                              1. Land Use Feedback Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                1. Accessibility Impacts
                                                                                                                                                  1. Development Location Choice
                                                                                                                                                  2. Model Integration Techniques
                                                                                                                                                    1. Loose Coupling
                                                                                                                                                      1. Tight Integration
                                                                                                                                                      2. Examples of Integrated Models
                                                                                                                                                        1. UrbanSim
                                                                                                                                                          1. CUBE Land
                                                                                                                                                      3. Model Calibration and Validation
                                                                                                                                                        1. Calibration Procedures
                                                                                                                                                          1. Parameter Estimation
                                                                                                                                                            1. Goodness-of-Fit Measures
                                                                                                                                                              1. Iterative Adjustment
                                                                                                                                                              2. Validation Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                1. Hold-Out Sample Validation
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cross-Validation
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Temporal Validation
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Model Sensitivity Testing
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Parameter Sensitivity
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Input Data Sensitivity
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Scenario Testing
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Forecasting and Scenario Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Base Year Model Development
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Future Year Inputs
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Population Forecasts
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Employment Forecasts
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Land Use Scenarios
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Scenario Development
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Trend Scenarios
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Policy Scenarios
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. What-If Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Uncertainty Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Monte Carlo Simulation
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Sensitivity Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Confidence Intervals

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                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Data Collection and Analysis

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                                                                                                                                                                                          5. Transportation System Components and Modes