Tourism

  1. Tourism Impacts
    1. Economic Impacts
      1. Positive Economic Impacts
        1. Foreign Exchange Earnings
          1. International Visitor Spending
            1. Currency Inflows
            2. Contribution to GDP
              1. Direct Contribution
                1. Total Contribution
                2. Employment Generation
                  1. Direct Employment
                    1. Indirect Employment
                      1. Induced Employment
                      2. Infrastructure Development
                        1. Transportation Infrastructure
                          1. Utility Infrastructure
                            1. Communication Infrastructure
                            2. The Multiplier Effect
                              1. Direct Effects
                                1. Indirect Effects
                                  1. Induced Effects
                                  2. Regional Development
                                    1. Rural Area Development
                                      1. Peripheral Region Growth
                                    2. Negative Economic Impacts
                                      1. Economic Leakage
                                        1. Import Leakage
                                          1. Foreign Ownership
                                            1. Expatriate Employment
                                            2. Inflation
                                              1. Price Increases
                                                1. Cost of Living
                                                2. Over-dependence on Tourism
                                                  1. Economic Vulnerability
                                                    1. Monoculture Economy
                                                    2. Seasonality of Employment
                                                      1. Temporary Jobs
                                                        1. Income Fluctuations
                                                        2. Opportunity Costs
                                                          1. Alternative Development
                                                            1. Resource Allocation
                                                        3. Socio-Cultural Impacts
                                                          1. Positive Socio-Cultural Impacts
                                                            1. Cultural Exchange
                                                              1. Cross-cultural Understanding
                                                                1. Language Learning
                                                                2. Heritage Preservation
                                                                  1. Cultural Site Conservation
                                                                    1. Traditional Craft Revival
                                                                    2. Community Empowerment
                                                                      1. Local Participation
                                                                        1. Capacity Building
                                                                        2. Revitalization of Traditions
                                                                          1. Cultural Events
                                                                            1. Traditional Practices
                                                                            2. Social Infrastructure
                                                                              1. Education Facilities
                                                                                1. Healthcare Services
                                                                              2. Negative Socio-Cultural Impacts
                                                                                1. The Demonstration Effect
                                                                                  1. Lifestyle Changes
                                                                                    1. Consumption Patterns
                                                                                    2. Commodification of Culture
                                                                                      1. Cultural Commercialization
                                                                                        1. Loss of Meaning
                                                                                        2. Social Conflict
                                                                                          1. Host-Guest Tensions
                                                                                            1. Resource Competition
                                                                                            2. Crime and Social Problems
                                                                                              1. Increased Crime Rates
                                                                                                1. Prostitution
                                                                                                  1. Drug Problems
                                                                                                  2. Loss of Authenticity
                                                                                                    1. Staged Authenticity
                                                                                                      1. Cultural Erosion
                                                                                                      2. Displacement of Communities
                                                                                                        1. Gentrification
                                                                                                          1. Land Use Changes
                                                                                                      3. Environmental Impacts
                                                                                                        1. Positive Environmental Impacts
                                                                                                          1. Conservation Incentives
                                                                                                            1. Protected Area Funding
                                                                                                              1. Species Protection
                                                                                                              2. Environmental Awareness
                                                                                                                1. Education Programs
                                                                                                                  1. Conservation Messages
                                                                                                                  2. Restoration Projects
                                                                                                                    1. Habitat Restoration
                                                                                                                      1. Ecosystem Recovery
                                                                                                                    2. Negative Environmental Impacts
                                                                                                                      1. Resource Depletion
                                                                                                                        1. Water Consumption
                                                                                                                          1. Energy Use
                                                                                                                            1. Land Use Changes
                                                                                                                            2. Pollution
                                                                                                                              1. Air Pollution
                                                                                                                                1. Transportation Emissions
                                                                                                                                  1. Local Air Quality
                                                                                                                                  2. Water Pollution
                                                                                                                                    1. Sewage Discharge
                                                                                                                                      1. Chemical Runoff
                                                                                                                                      2. Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                        1. Transportation Noise
                                                                                                                                          1. Activity Noise
                                                                                                                                          2. Solid Waste
                                                                                                                                            1. Litter Problems
                                                                                                                                              1. Waste Management
                                                                                                                                            2. Physical Environmental Damage
                                                                                                                                              1. Habitat Destruction
                                                                                                                                                1. Soil Erosion
                                                                                                                                                  1. Vegetation Damage
                                                                                                                                                    1. Wildlife Disturbance
                                                                                                                                                    2. Climate Change Impacts
                                                                                                                                                      1. Carbon Footprint
                                                                                                                                                        1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
                                                                                                                                                          1. Transportation Impacts
                                                                                                                                                          2. Overcrowding Effects
                                                                                                                                                            1. Carrying Capacity Exceeded
                                                                                                                                                              1. Site Degradation

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                                                                                                                                                        5. Types of Tourism

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                                                                                                                                                        7. Tourism Planning and Development