Tor and Anonymity Systems

  1. Defenses and Countermeasures
    1. Traffic Obfuscation
      1. Pluggable Transports
        1. Transport Plugin Architecture
          1. Protocol Obfuscation
          2. Specific Transport Protocols
            1. obfs4
              1. Protocol Design
                1. Deployment
                2. meek
                  1. Domain Fronting
                    1. CDN Utilization
                    2. Snowflake
                      1. WebRTC Proxying
                        1. Volunteer Network
                        2. FTE
                          1. Format-Transforming Encryption
                      2. Circuit-Level Defenses
                        1. Vanguards
                          1. Guard Discovery Protection
                            1. Layer 2 and Layer 3 Guards
                            2. Circuit Padding
                              1. Traffic Shaping
                                1. Timing Obfuscation
                                2. Circuit Isolation
                                  1. Stream Isolation
                                    1. Circuit Partitioning
                                  2. Application-Level Defenses
                                    1. Browser Hardening
                                      1. Script Blocking
                                        1. Plugin Disabling
                                          1. Fingerprinting Resistance
                                          2. DNS Protection
                                            1. DNS over HTTPS
                                              1. DNS Leak Prevention
                                              2. HTTPS Enforcement
                                                1. HTTPS Everywhere
                                                  1. Certificate Validation
                                                2. Network-Level Defenses
                                                  1. Relay Diversity
                                                    1. Geographic Distribution
                                                      1. Autonomous System Diversity
                                                      2. Bandwidth Measurement
                                                        1. Accurate Bandwidth Reporting
                                                          1. Load Balancing
                                                          2. Directory Security
                                                            1. Consensus Verification
                                                              1. Authority Key Management
                                                            2. User Education
                                                              1. Operational Security Training
                                                                1. Threat Model Understanding
                                                                  1. Safe Browsing Practices

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                                                                5. Security Analysis and Attacks

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                                                                7. Alternative Anonymity Systems