Textual Analysis

  1. Advanced Models and Methods
    1. Transformer Architecture
      1. Self-Attention Mechanism
        1. Attention Function
          1. Query, Key, and Value Vectors
            1. Attention Weights Computation
              1. Scaled Dot-Product Attention
              2. Multi-Head Attention
                1. Parallel Attention Heads
                  1. Concatenation and Linear Projection
                    1. Benefits of Multiple Heads
                    2. Encoder-Decoder Structure
                      1. Encoder Stack
                        1. Decoder Stack
                          1. Cross-Attention
                          2. Positional Encoding
                            1. Sinusoidal Encoding
                              1. Learned Positional Embeddings
                                1. Relative Position Encoding
                                2. Layer Normalization and Residual Connections
                                  1. Feed-Forward Networks
                                  2. Large Language Models
                                    1. Pre-training Strategies
                                      1. Masked Language Modeling
                                        1. Next Sentence Prediction
                                          1. Autoregressive Language Modeling
                                          2. Transfer Learning
                                            1. Fine-Tuning Approaches
                                              1. Task-Specific Adaptation
                                                1. Domain Adaptation
                                                2. Few-Shot and Zero-Shot Learning
                                                  1. In-Context Learning
                                                    1. Prompt Design
                                                      1. Meta-Learning
                                                      2. Prompt Engineering
                                                        1. Prompt Templates
                                                          1. Chain-of-Thought Prompting
                                                            1. Instruction Following
                                                            2. Model Scaling
                                                              1. Parameter Scaling Laws
                                                                1. Computational Requirements
                                                                  1. Emergent Abilities
                                                                2. Question Answering Systems
                                                                  1. Reading Comprehension
                                                                    1. Extractive Question Answering
                                                                      1. Span Selection Methods
                                                                        1. Context Understanding
                                                                        2. Generative Question Answering
                                                                          1. Abstractive Answer Generation
                                                                            1. Knowledge Integration
                                                                            2. Question Types
                                                                              1. Factual Questions
                                                                                1. Reasoning Questions
                                                                                  1. Multi-Hop Questions
                                                                                  2. QA System Architecture
                                                                                    1. Open-Domain vs Closed-Domain
                                                                                      1. Retrieval-Augmented Generation
                                                                                        1. Knowledge Base QA
                                                                                        2. Evaluation of QA Systems
                                                                                          1. Exact Match
                                                                                            1. F1 Score
                                                                                              1. Human Evaluation
                                                                                            2. Text Generation
                                                                                              1. Language Modeling
                                                                                                1. N-gram Language Models
                                                                                                  1. Neural Language Models
                                                                                                    1. Transformer Language Models
                                                                                                    2. Conditional Text Generation
                                                                                                      1. Text-to-Text Generation
                                                                                                        1. Data-to-Text Generation
                                                                                                          1. Style Transfer
                                                                                                          2. Generation Strategies
                                                                                                            1. Greedy Decoding
                                                                                                              1. Beam Search
                                                                                                                1. Sampling Methods
                                                                                                                  1. Top-k Sampling
                                                                                                                    1. Nucleus Sampling
                                                                                                                  2. Controllable Generation
                                                                                                                    1. Attribute Control
                                                                                                                      1. Content Planning
                                                                                                                        1. Constraint Satisfaction
                                                                                                                        2. Evaluation of Generated Text
                                                                                                                          1. Automatic Metrics
                                                                                                                            1. BLEU
                                                                                                                              1. ROUGE
                                                                                                                                1. BERTScore
                                                                                                                                2. Human Evaluation
                                                                                                                                  1. Fluency
                                                                                                                                    1. Coherence
                                                                                                                                      1. Relevance
                                                                                                                                  2. Cross-Lingual and Multilingual Analysis
                                                                                                                                    1. Multilingual Embeddings
                                                                                                                                      1. Cross-Lingual Word Embeddings
                                                                                                                                        1. Multilingual Sentence Embeddings
                                                                                                                                          1. Alignment Methods
                                                                                                                                          2. Machine Translation
                                                                                                                                            1. Statistical Machine Translation
                                                                                                                                              1. Neural Machine Translation
                                                                                                                                                1. Transformer-Based Translation
                                                                                                                                                2. Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning
                                                                                                                                                  1. Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer
                                                                                                                                                    1. Multilingual Pre-Training
                                                                                                                                                      1. Language-Specific Fine-Tuning
                                                                                                                                                      2. Challenges in Multilingual NLP
                                                                                                                                                        1. Resource Imbalance
                                                                                                                                                          1. Script Differences
                                                                                                                                                            1. Cultural Context
                                                                                                                                                              1. Code-Switching

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                                                                                                                                                          4. Core Analysis Techniques and Tasks

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                                                                                                                                                          6. Evaluation and Interpretation