Supply Chain Cybersecurity

2.

Threat Landscape and Attack Vectors

2.1.

Threat Actor Categories

2.1.1.

Nation-State Actors

2.1.1.1.

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)

2.1.1.2.

State-Sponsored Espionage Operations

2.1.1.3.

Geopolitical Cyber Warfare

2.1.1.4.

Critical Infrastructure Targeting

2.1.2.

Cybercriminal Organizations

2.1.2.1.

Financially Motivated Attacks

2.1.2.2.

Ransomware Operations

2.1.2.3.

Data Theft and Monetization

2.1.2.4.

Cybercrime-as-a-Service Models

2.1.3.

Insider Threats

2.1.3.1.

Malicious Insider Activities

2.1.3.2.

Negligent Employee Actions

2.1.3.3.

Compromised Insider Accounts

2.1.3.4.

Privileged User Abuse

2.1.4.

Hacktivist Groups

2.1.4.1.

Ideologically Motivated Attacks

2.1.4.2.

Social and Political Activism

2.1.4.3.

Disruptive Operations

2.1.5.

Opportunistic Attackers

2.1.5.1.

2.1.5.2.

Automated Attack Tools

2.1.5.3.

Vulnerability Exploitation

2.2.

Supply Chain Vulnerabilities

2.2.1.

Software Development Weaknesses

2.2.1.1.

Insecure Coding Practices

2.2.1.2.

Inadequate Security Testing

2.2.1.3.

Vulnerable Dependencies

2.2.1.4.

Build Process Compromises

2.2.2.

Hardware Component Risks

2.2.2.1.

Counterfeit Components

2.2.2.2.

Hardware Trojans

2.2.2.3.

Unauthorized Modifications

2.2.2.4.

Supply Chain Interdiction

2.2.3.

Third-Party Service Risks

2.2.3.1.

Weak Security Postures

2.2.3.2.

Inadequate Access Controls

2.2.3.3.

Poor Incident Response Capabilities

2.2.3.4.

Insufficient Monitoring

2.2.4.

Process and Operational Gaps

2.2.4.1.

Lack of End-to-End Visibility

2.2.4.2.

Incomplete Asset Inventories

2.2.4.3.

Inadequate Vendor Vetting

2.2.4.4.

Poor Change Management

2.3.

Software Supply Chain Attack Methods

2.3.1.

Source Code Attacks

2.3.1.1.

Malicious Code Injection

2.3.1.2.

Repository Compromise

2.3.1.3.

Developer Account Takeover

2.3.2.

Build System Compromises

2.3.2.1.

CI/CD Pipeline Attacks

2.3.2.2.

Build Tool Manipulation

2.3.2.3.

Artifact Tampering

2.3.3.

Dependency Attacks

2.3.3.1.

Dependency Confusion

2.3.3.2.

2.3.3.3.

Package Repository Compromise

2.3.3.4.

Malicious Package Injection

2.3.4.

Distribution Channel Attacks

2.3.4.1.

Software Update Hijacking

2.3.4.2.

Mirror Site Compromise

2.3.4.3.

Download Portal Attacks

2.4.

Hardware Supply Chain Attack Methods

2.4.1.

Design Phase Attacks

2.4.1.1.

IP Core Trojans

2.4.1.2.

EDA Tool Compromise

2.4.1.3.

Design Specification Manipulation

2.4.2.

Manufacturing Attacks

2.4.2.1.

Foundry-Level Implants

2.4.2.2.

Assembly Line Tampering

2.4.2.3.

Component Substitution

2.4.3.

Distribution Attacks

2.4.3.1.

Transit Interdiction

2.4.3.2.

Warehouse Compromise

2.4.3.3.

Packaging Manipulation

2.4.4.

Deployment Attacks

2.4.4.1.

Field Replacement Attacks

2.4.4.2.

Maintenance Compromise

2.4.4.3.

Firmware Manipulation

2.5.

Service Provider Attack Vectors

2.5.1.

Managed Service Provider (MSP) Compromise

2.5.1.1.

Administrative Access Abuse

2.5.1.2.

Lateral Movement Techniques

2.5.1.3.

Multi-Client Impact

2.5.2.

Cloud Service Provider Attacks

2.5.2.1.

Shared Infrastructure Exploitation

2.5.2.2.

Multi-Tenancy Vulnerabilities

2.5.2.3.

API Security Weaknesses

2.5.3.

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Attacks

2.5.3.1.

Application-Level Vulnerabilities

2.5.3.2.

Data Breach Scenarios

2.5.3.3.

Account Takeover Attacks

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1. Foundations of Supply Chain Cybersecurity

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3. Risk Assessment and Management