Stock Trading

9.

Advanced Trading Concepts

9.1.

9.1.1.

Margin Account Mechanics

9.1.1.1.

Initial Margin Requirements

9.1.1.2.

Maintenance Margin

9.1.1.3.

Margin Call Process

9.1.1.4.

Forced Liquidation

9.1.2.

Leverage Calculation

9.1.2.1.

9.1.2.2.

Leverage Ratios

9.1.2.3.

Risk Amplification

9.1.3.

9.1.3.1.

9.1.3.2.

9.1.3.3.

Opportunity Costs

9.1.4.

Margin Strategies

9.1.4.1.

Conservative Margin Use

9.1.4.2.

Aggressive Leverage

9.1.4.3.

Risk Management

9.2.

9.2.1.

Short Sale Mechanics

9.2.1.1.

Borrowing Shares

9.2.1.2.

Locate Requirements

9.2.1.3.

Settlement Process

9.2.2.

Short Sale Risks

9.2.2.1.

Unlimited Loss Potential

9.2.2.2.

Short Squeeze Risk

9.2.2.3.

Dividend Obligations

9.2.2.4.

Borrowing Costs

9.2.3.

Short Sale Strategies

9.2.3.1.

Overvaluation Plays

9.2.3.2.

Hedging Applications

9.2.3.3.

9.2.4.

Regulatory Considerations

9.2.4.1.

9.2.4.2.

Short Sale Restrictions

9.2.4.3.

Reporting Requirements

9.3.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)

9.3.1.

9.3.1.1.

Creation and Redemption

9.3.1.2.

Authorized Participants

9.3.1.3.

Net Asset Value (NAV)

9.3.2.

9.3.2.1.

9.3.2.2.

9.3.2.3.

9.3.2.4.

9.3.2.5.

9.3.3.

9.3.3.1.

Liquidity Considerations

9.3.3.2.

Premium and Discount

9.3.3.3.

Arbitrage Mechanisms

9.3.4.

9.3.4.1.

9.3.4.2.

Tactical Allocation

9.3.4.3.

Hedging Applications

9.4.

Options Trading Basics

9.4.1.

Option Fundamentals

9.4.1.1.

9.4.1.2.

9.4.1.3.

9.4.1.4.

Expiration Dates

9.4.2.

9.4.2.1.

Intrinsic Value

9.4.2.2.

9.4.2.3.

Implied Volatility

9.4.2.4.

Greeks Overview

9.4.3.

Basic Option Strategies

9.4.3.1.

9.4.3.2.

9.4.3.3.

9.4.3.4.

Protective Puts

9.4.4.

Option Risk Management

9.4.4.1.

Limited vs Unlimited Risk

9.4.4.2.

9.4.4.3.

Volatility Risk

9.5.

Algorithmic Trading Introduction

9.5.1.

Algorithm Types

9.5.1.1.

Execution Algorithms

9.5.1.2.

Alpha-Seeking Algorithms

9.5.1.3.

Market Making Algorithms

9.5.2.

Technology Requirements

9.5.2.1.

Trading Platforms

9.5.2.2.

9.5.2.3.

9.5.3.

Algorithm Development

9.5.3.1.

Strategy Coding

9.5.3.2.

Backtesting Systems

9.5.3.3.

9.5.4.

Regulatory Considerations

9.5.4.1.

Algorithm Registration

9.5.4.2.

Risk Management Requirements

9.5.4.3.

Market Access Rules

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