Solar System Astronomy

13.

Planetary Defense

13.1.

Near-Earth Object Threats

13.1.1.

Impact Frequency

13.1.2.

Size-Damage Relationships

13.1.3.

Historical Impact Events

13.2.

Detection Programs

13.2.1.

Ground-Based Surveys

13.2.2.

Space-Based Detection

13.2.3.

Tracking Networks

13.2.4.

Orbit Determination

13.3.

Threat Assessment

13.3.1.

Impact Probability Calculations

13.3.2.

Damage Potential

13.3.3.

Warning Time Requirements

13.4.

Mitigation Strategies

13.4.1.

Deflection Techniques

13.4.1.1.

Kinetic Impactors

13.4.1.2.

Gravity Tractors

13.4.1.3.

Nuclear Options

13.4.2.

Civil Defense Preparations

13.4.3.

International Coordination

13.5.

13.5.1.

Mission Objectives

13.5.2.

13.5.3.

Deflection Effectiveness

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12. Solar System Exploration

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1. Foundations of Solar System Study