Sedimentology and Stratigraphy

  1. Sedimentary Structures
    1. Primary Depositional Structures
      1. Stratification and Bedding
        1. Bedding Planes
          1. Lamination
            1. Massive Bedding
              1. Graded Bedding
                1. Normal Grading
                  1. Reverse Grading
                    1. Multiple Grading
                  2. Bedforms and Cross-Stratification
                    1. Ripples
                      1. Current Ripples
                        1. Wave Ripples
                          1. Combined Flow Ripples
                          2. Dunes
                            1. Sand Waves
                              1. Antidunes
                                1. Cross-Bedding Types
                                  1. Planar Cross-Bedding
                                    1. Trough Cross-Bedding
                                      1. Herringbone Cross-Bedding
                                      2. Cross-Lamination
                                        1. Hummocky Cross-Stratification
                                          1. Swaley Cross-Stratification
                                          2. Heterolithic Bedding
                                            1. Flaser Bedding
                                              1. Wavy Bedding
                                                1. Lenticular Bedding
                                              2. Post-Depositional Structures
                                                1. Bedding Plane Markings
                                                  1. Tool Marks
                                                    1. Grooves
                                                      1. Flutes
                                                        1. Chevrons
                                                          1. Bounce Marks
                                                          2. Scour Marks
                                                            1. Mudcracks
                                                              1. Raindrop Imprints
                                                                1. Salt Crystal Casts
                                                                  1. Foam Impressions
                                                                  2. Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures
                                                                    1. Load Casts
                                                                      1. Flame Structures
                                                                        1. Convolute Bedding
                                                                          1. Slump Structures
                                                                            1. Ball-and-Pillow Structures
                                                                              1. Dish and Pillar Structures
                                                                                1. Injection Structures
                                                                              2. Biogenic Structures
                                                                                1. Trace Fossils
                                                                                  1. Burrows
                                                                                    1. Tracks and Trails
                                                                                      1. Borings
                                                                                        1. Feeding Structures
                                                                                          1. Resting Traces
                                                                                          2. Behavioral Classification
                                                                                            1. Domichnia
                                                                                              1. Fodinichnia
                                                                                                1. Repichnia
                                                                                                  1. Cubichnia
                                                                                                    1. Pascichnia
                                                                                                    2. Ichnofacies
                                                                                                      1. Skolithos Ichnofacies
                                                                                                        1. Cruziana Ichnofacies
                                                                                                          1. Zoophycos Ichnofacies
                                                                                                            1. Nereites Ichnofacies
                                                                                                              1. Glossifungites Ichnofacies
                                                                                                              2. Bioturbation Intensity
                                                                                                                1. Preservation of Biogenic Structures

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                                                                                                              4. Sediment Transport and Fluid Dynamics

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                                                                                                              6. Depositional Environments and Sedimentary Facies