Hardware and Physical Security Vulnerabilities

Speculative Execution Attacks

Cache-Based Side-Channel Attacks

Branch Prediction Attacks

Return Stack Buffer Attacks

Rowhammer Attacks

Cold Boot Attacks

Memory Bus Snooping

DMA Attacks

Power Analysis Attacks

Timing Attacks

Electromagnetic Emanation Attacks

Acoustic Cryptanalysis

Optical Side-Channel Attacks

BIOS/UEFI Vulnerabilities

Bootloader Vulnerabilities

Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Attacks

Hardware Security Module (HSM) Vulnerabilities

Device Tampering

Component Replacement

Chip-Off Attacks

JTAG Interface Exploitation

Serial Console Access

USB-Based Attacks