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Engineering
Civil Engineering
Reinforced Concrete Design
1. Introduction to Reinforced Concrete
2. Materials and Properties
3. Design Philosophies and Building Codes
4. Flexural Analysis and Design of Beams
5. Shear and Torsion in Beams
6. Comprehensive Beam Design
7. Serviceability Requirements
8. Bond, Development, and Splicing
9. Column Design
10. Slab Design
11. Foundation Design
12. Retaining Wall Design
13. Advanced Topics
14. Detailing and Construction
Flexural Analysis and Design of Beams
Fundamental Assumptions
Plane Sections Remain Plane
Perfect Bond Between Materials
Tensile Strength of Concrete Neglected
Material Stress-Strain Relationships
Beam Behavior Under Loading
Stages of Loading
Uncracked Stage
Cracked Elastic Stage
Inelastic Stage
Ultimate Stage
Load-Deflection Response
Moment-Curvature Relationship
Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beams
Elastic Analysis
Transformed Section Method
Cracked Section Analysis
Moment of Inertia
Cracking Moment
Ultimate Strength Analysis
Strain Distribution
Stress Distribution
Force Equilibrium
Moment Equilibrium
Whitney Stress Block
Equivalent Rectangular Stress Block
Stress Block Parameters
Depth of Stress Block
Design Equations
Nominal Moment Capacity
Required Steel Area
Design Moment Capacity
Reinforcement Ratios and Failure Modes
Balanced Reinforcement Ratio
Balanced Strain Condition
Significance in Design
Under-Reinforced Sections
Tension-Controlled Failure
Ductile Behavior
Design Advantages
Over-Reinforced Sections
Compression-Controlled Failure
Brittle Behavior
Design Limitations
Transition Zone
Net Tensile Strain Limits
Strength Reduction Factors
Minimum Reinforcement
Code Requirements
Crack Control Considerations
Maximum Reinforcement
Practical Limits
Constructability Issues
Doubly Reinforced Beams
Need for Compression Reinforcement
Analysis Methods
Strain Compatibility
Stress in Compression Steel
Force Equilibrium
Design Procedure
Contribution of Compression Steel
Total Moment Capacity
Practical Considerations
Minimum Cover Requirements
Lateral Support of Compression Bars
T-Beams and L-Beams
Effective Flange Width
Code Provisions
Geometric Limitations
Neutral Axis in Flange
Rectangular Beam Analysis
Design Simplifications
Neutral Axis in Web
Flange and Web Contributions
Design Equations
Practical Design Considerations
Construction Sequence Effects
Shrinkage and Temperature Effects
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3. Design Philosophies and Building Codes
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5. Shear and Torsion in Beams