Raspberry Pi

  1. Interfacing with the Physical World: GPIO
    1. Understanding the GPIO Header
      1. Physical Pin Layout and Identification
        1. Pin Numbering Schemes
          1. Physical/Board Pin Numbering
            1. BCM (Broadcom) Pin Numbering
              1. WiringPi Numbering (Legacy)
              2. Pin Function Categories
                1. Power Supply Pins (5V and 3.3V)
                  1. Ground (GND) Pin Distribution
                    1. General Purpose Input/Output Pins
                      1. Special Function Pins
                        1. I2C Communication Pins
                          1. SPI Communication Pins
                            1. UART Serial Communication
                              1. PWM Capable Pins
                            2. Electrical Characteristics
                              1. Voltage Levels and Logic Standards
                                1. Current Sourcing and Sinking Capabilities
                                  1. Input Impedance and Pull Resistors
                                    1. Rise and Fall Times
                                  2. GPIO Safety and Best Practices
                                    1. Voltage Level Compatibility
                                      1. 3.3V Logic Standard
                                        1. 5V Tolerance Considerations
                                          1. Level Shifting Techniques
                                          2. Current Limitations and Protection
                                            1. Maximum Current per Pin
                                              1. Total Current Budget
                                                1. Short Circuit Prevention
                                                  1. Overcurrent Protection Methods
                                                  2. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Prevention
                                                    1. ESD Risks and Consequences
                                                      1. Proper Handling Techniques
                                                        1. Anti-Static Precautions
                                                        2. Circuit Design Best Practices
                                                          1. Proper Grounding Techniques
                                                            1. Decoupling Capacitor Usage
                                                              1. Signal Integrity Considerations
                                                            2. Essential Electronics Components
                                                              1. Breadboard Usage
                                                                1. Breadboard Layout and Connections
                                                                  1. Power Rail Configuration
                                                                    1. Circuit Organization Strategies
                                                                      1. Troubleshooting Breadboard Circuits
                                                                      2. Jumper Wires and Connectors
                                                                        1. Wire Types and Specifications
                                                                          1. Male-to-Male, Male-to-Female, Female-to-Female
                                                                            1. Dupont Connectors and Crimping
                                                                              1. Cable Management Techniques
                                                                              2. Resistors
                                                                                1. Resistor Value Calculation
                                                                                  1. Color Code Reading
                                                                                    1. Power Rating Considerations
                                                                                      1. Pull-up and Pull-down Applications
                                                                                        1. Current Limiting Applications
                                                                                        2. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
                                                                                          1. LED Polarity and Identification
                                                                                            1. Forward Voltage and Current Requirements
                                                                                              1. Current Limiting Resistor Calculation
                                                                                                1. LED Types and Characteristics
                                                                                                2. Switches and Buttons
                                                                                                  1. Momentary vs. Latching Switches
                                                                                                    1. Switch Debouncing Techniques
                                                                                                      1. Pull-up and Pull-down Resistor Configuration
                                                                                                        1. Switch Contact Ratings
                                                                                                        2. Measurement Tools
                                                                                                          1. Digital Multimeter Usage
                                                                                                            1. Voltage, Current, and Resistance Measurement
                                                                                                              1. Continuity Testing
                                                                                                                1. Logic Probe Applications