Quantum Cryptography and Post-Quantum Cryptography

5.

QKD Implementation and Technology

5.1.

Hardware Components

5.1.1.

Single-Photon Sources

5.1.1.1.

Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion

5.1.1.2.

5.1.1.3.

Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers

5.1.1.4.

Attenuated Laser Pulses

5.1.1.5.

Source Characterization

5.1.2.

Single-Photon Detectors

5.1.2.1.

Avalanche Photodiodes

5.1.2.2.

Superconducting Nanowire Detectors

5.1.2.3.

Transition Edge Sensors

5.1.2.4.

Detection Efficiency

5.1.2.5.

Dark Count Rates

5.1.2.6.

Timing Resolution

5.1.3.

Quantum Channels

5.1.3.1.

Optical Fiber Transmission

5.1.3.1.1.

Single-Mode Fibers

5.1.3.1.2.

Polarization-Maintaining Fibers

5.1.3.1.3.

Attenuation Characteristics

5.1.3.2.

Free-Space Optical Links

5.1.3.2.1.

Atmospheric Effects

5.1.3.2.2.

Beam Divergence

5.1.3.2.3.

Weather Dependencies

5.1.3.3.

Satellite Quantum Channels

5.1.4.

Optical Components

5.1.4.1.

5.1.4.2.

Polarizers and Wave Plates

5.1.4.3.

Interferometers

5.1.4.4.

5.1.4.5.

5.2.

System Integration

5.2.1.

QKD System Architecture

5.2.2.

Synchronization Requirements

5.2.3.

Classical Communication Integration

5.2.4.

Network Interface Design

5.3.

Practical Challenges

5.3.1.

Distance Limitations

5.3.1.1.

Photon Loss in Transmission

5.3.1.2.

Maximum Achievable Distance

5.3.1.3.

Repeater Requirements

5.3.2.

Environmental Factors

5.3.2.1.

Temperature Stability

5.3.2.2.

Vibration Sensitivity

5.3.2.3.

Electromagnetic Interference

5.3.3.

Decoherence Effects

5.3.3.1.

Sources of Decoherence

5.3.3.2.

Mitigation Strategies

5.3.3.3.

Impact on Performance

5.3.4.

Finite Key Size Effects

5.3.4.1.

Statistical Fluctuations

5.3.4.2.

Security Parameter Adjustment

5.3.4.3.

Key Rate Optimization

5.3.5.

Denial-of-Service Vulnerabilities

5.3.5.1.

Channel Blocking Attacks

5.3.5.2.

Jamming Attacks

5.3.5.3.

Countermeasures

Previous

4. Quantum Key Distribution

Go to top

Next

6. QKD Security Analysis