Plasma Physics

Plasma physics is the branch of physics dedicated to studying plasma, an ionized state of matter often called the fourth state. Composed of a collection of free-moving electrons and ions, plasma is electrically conductive and exhibits strong collective responses to electric and magnetic fields, distinguishing it from neutral gases. This field investigates the complex dynamics, waves, and instabilities that arise from these particle interactions, providing fundamental insights into astrophysical phenomena like stars and auroras, as well as enabling critical technologies such as controlled nuclear fusion, semiconductor manufacturing, and advanced space propulsion systems.