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Mathematics
Number Theory
1. Foundations of Number Theory
2. Divisibility Theory
3. Prime Numbers and Factorization
4. Greatest Common Divisor and Least Common Multiple
5. Modular Arithmetic and Congruences
6. Classical Theorems in Number Theory
7. Arithmetic Functions
8. Diophantine Equations
9. Quadratic Residues and Reciprocity
10. Prime Number Theory
11. Continued Fractions
12. Elementary Analytic Number Theory
13. Cryptographic Applications
14. Advanced Topics and Connections
Elementary Analytic Number Theory
Introduction to Generating Functions
Ordinary Generating Functions
Dirichlet Series
Euler Products
Riemann Zeta Function
Definition and Basic Properties
Euler Product Formula
Functional Equation
Connection to Prime Numbers
Prime Number Theorem
Statement and Implications
Proof Outline
Error Terms
Dirichlet's Theorem
Primes in Arithmetic Progressions
Statement and Significance
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11. Continued Fractions
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13. Cryptographic Applications