Number Systems

  1. Arithmetic Operations in Different Bases
    1. Binary Arithmetic
      1. Binary Addition
        1. Basic Addition Rules
          1. Carry Operations
            1. Multi-bit Addition
            2. Binary Subtraction
              1. Basic Subtraction Rules
                1. Borrow Operations
                  1. Multi-bit Subtraction
                  2. Binary Multiplication
                    1. Basic Multiplication Rules
                      1. Partial Products Method
                        1. Shift and Add Method
                        2. Binary Division
                          1. Basic Division Rules
                            1. Long Division Method
                              1. Remainder Handling
                            2. Octal Arithmetic
                              1. Octal Addition
                                1. Addition Rules
                                  1. Carry Operations
                                  2. Octal Subtraction
                                    1. Subtraction Rules
                                      1. Borrow Operations
                                      2. Octal Multiplication
                                        1. Multiplication Rules
                                          1. Partial Products
                                          2. Octal Division
                                            1. Division Rules
                                              1. Remainder Calculation
                                            2. Hexadecimal Arithmetic
                                              1. Hexadecimal Addition
                                                1. Addition Rules
                                                  1. Carry Operations
                                                  2. Hexadecimal Subtraction
                                                    1. Subtraction Rules
                                                      1. Borrow Operations
                                                      2. Hexadecimal Multiplication
                                                        1. Multiplication Rules
                                                          1. Partial Products
                                                          2. Hexadecimal Division
                                                            1. Division Rules
                                                              1. Remainder Calculation
                                                            2. Cross-Base Arithmetic Principles
                                                              1. Universal Arithmetic Rules
                                                                1. Base-Specific Considerations
                                                                  1. Practical Applications

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                                                                6. Number System Conversions

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                                                                8. Computer Number Representation